欧洲文化入门复习总结计划学习资料.docxVIP

v1.0 可编辑可修改 一． 细节知识点 （一） Greek ＆ Roman 1. drama Aeschylus 埃斯基洛斯： Prometheus Bound 被束缚的普罗米修 斯, Persians 波斯人， Agamennon Sophcles 索发克里斯：（ tragic art ） Oedipus the king, Electra ， Antigone Euripides 欧里庇得斯： “ problem plays ”， Andromache， Medea， Trojan Women Aristophanes 阿里斯多芬尼斯： Frogs，Clouds，Wasps，Birds 2. Historian Herodotus ： * “father of history ” * from Greek to Persians *full of anecdotes and dialogues ,interesting Thucydides: *younger than Herodotus *Athens to Sparta and Athens to Syracuse 希拉库萨 *style is imagination and power *the greatest historian that ever lived 3. philosophy and science Pythagoras 毕达哥拉斯： *bold thinker *believe everything is numbers* scientific mathematics----point ，line ， magnitude 震级， surface ， body，first proportion Heracleitus 赫拉克里克： *fire is the primary element of universe *sayings: all is flux ， nothing stationary/you cannot step twice into the same river/fresh waters are ever flowing in upon you/ the sun is new every day. *believe mingling of opposites ,opposites produce harmony ( 二 ) Bible 1 v1.0 可编辑可修改 translation Latin version ：383-405AD by St .Jerome English version ： 1382 John Wycliff ( 三 )Middle ages/ Medieval AD 476 Roman power was gone after 1054 Church was divided into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church Crusades: 1096 －1291 last for about 200 years ： Charlemagne 查理曼大帝： *western and central Europe *father of Europe .Emperor of Romans in 800 *Carolingian Renaissance 加洛林 *encourage Christian religion and ancient learning by setting monastery schools ● Alfred the Great 阿尔弗雷德大帝： *ruler of Anglo Saxon of Wessex *Encourage teacher and scholars , Wessex center of learning *Anglo Saxon chronicles 英国编年史 St .Thomas Aquinas *Italian philosopher ,scholasticism 经院哲学 Summa Contra Centiles , Summa Theologiae 《神学大全》 2 v1.0 可编辑可修改 *building a society of “ God’s rule ”” God’ s will ” ， Pope is “Christ ’ s plenipotentiary基督的全权代表 ” above secular rulers Roger Bacon 罗杰培根 *a British monk ,one of the earliest advocates of experimental sc