高二英语虚拟语气知识精讲.docxVIP

高二英语虚拟语气知识精讲 一语气的定义和种类 （一） 语气 （mood） 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （二）语气的种类 1、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问 句和某些感叹句。如： ① There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ② Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！ 2、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 Don t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 3、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设 或推测等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小 鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the exam in ati on.我希望我能通过考试。 May you succeed!祝您成功！。 二虚拟语气的主要内容 （一）、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气用于 if 引导的非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词有三种形式： 条件状语从句 主 句 与过去事实 相反 had +过去分词 should /would/could/might + have +过去分词 与现在事实 相反 一般过去时(be用 were) would/should/could/might + 动 词原形 与将来事实 相反 一般过去时或 should(were to) + 动 词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动 词原形 （1） 表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时， 主句 中的谓语动词则用“ would / should / might / could + have + 过去分词”。如： If he had take n my advice, he would have succeeded in the compet iti on. If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train. If she hadn t been ill, she might have come. （2） 表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（ b e动词的过去式用 were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“ would / should/ could / mi ght +动词原形”。如： If I were a boy, I would join the army. If he had time, he would come to help you. If she had money ,she might le nd you some . （3） 表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或 should （were to）+动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用 would / should/could might +动词原形。如； ① If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put of f. 注意: 有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省略,而将“ were、had、should等动 词提到主语前面。如： Should it snow tomorrow ,we could have a sno wball fight . Had he take n my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expe nse, I would go to Britai n. 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时， 动 词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如： If they had worked hard, they would be very tired. (从句说的是过去， 主句指的是现在) If I were you ,I would have taken his advice . (从句表示现在时间，主句表示过去时间) 从句中的be动词用were 与过去事实相反： 公式： If 从句 ： had done 主句： would (should, might, could ) + have done 1．If