迈克尔逊干涉仪实验与最佳测量区间的分析..docx

迈克尔逊干涉仪实验的分析 迈克尔逊干涉仪实验与最佳测量区间的分析 摘要： 用迈克尔逊干涉仪能观察到等倾干涉、等厚干涉条纹和白光干涉的彩色条 纹。产生等倾干涉与等厚干涉不仅与 M 1 与 2 之间的夹角 有关，还受其间空气 层厚度 d 的影响。在测 He-Ne 激光波长时，通过分析，在一定的测量区间内，测得 的波长误差较小。本文主要对等倾干涉等厚干涉所遇到的现象、特点及仪器的调 节图像的判断进行分析，接着分析白光干涉现象中央条纹的亮暗，最后对测波长 的最佳区间分析，并经过实验得出最佳测量范围。 关键词： 迈克尔逊干涉仪 等倾干涉 等厚干涉 白光干涉 最佳测量区间 Michelson interferometer experiment with the best measurement interval analysis Abstract: Such dumping intervention, uniform thickness interference, white stripe and color interference fringes as can be observed in the Michelson interferometer. Inclined to interfere in the formation and the thickness intervention with the M 1 and 2 the angle, which is also affected by the air layer thickness d effects. The He –Ne laser wavelength measurement, after analysis, in a certain interval measurement, the measurement error of wavelength is smaller. In this paper, such as the dumping of interference encountered thick interference phenomena, characteristics and the regulatory apparatus judgment image analysis then analyzes white interference fringes of the central-darkness, in the final test ,after the best wavelength interval analysis, we carry out some experiments and make out the best measurement range Key words: Michelson interferometer dumping intervention uniform thickness interference the white light interference best sampling interval - 1 - 迈克尔逊干涉仪实验的分析 目 录 摘要 ................................................................................................................................ 1 关 ?????????????????????????????? ....1 引言 ???????????????????????????????? 3 1 光路及原理 ???????????????????????????? .3 2 等 干涉与等厚干涉 ???????????????????????? .4 2.1 克 干涉 的 与判断 ??????????????????? ..4 2.1.1 克 干涉 的 整方法 ??????????????????? ...4 2.1.2 克 干涉 的条 判断 ??????????????????? ...4 2 .2. 等 干涉条 特点的分析 ???????????????????? ...5 2.3 等厚干涉的形成及特点 ?????????????????????? 7 .. 2.4 等厚干涉的界定 ????????????????????????? ..7 3 白光干涉 ?????????????????????????????. 8 4 量 H e Ne 激光器波 的最佳 量区 的分析 ???????????