《波动性可再生能源并网政策选择 – 建立灵活的电力市场》.pptxVIP

Dr. David Jacobs 大卫·雅各布斯博士 IET – International Energy Transition IET 国际能源转型公司 ;Options for integrating high shares of wind and solar PV 高比例风电和太阳能光伏并网方案 Grid expansion/integration; smart grid 电网扩容/并网；智能电网 Dispatch from conventional power plants 传统发电厂调度 Dispatch and curtailment from renewable energy sources 可再生能源电力调度和限发 Demand response 需求相应 Storage 存储;Creating a flexible power market – Dispatchability of fossil fuel based power plants 建立灵活的电力市场 – 化石燃料电厂的可调度性;Electricity demand and renewable power generation in Germany in 2022 德国2022年的电力需求和可再生能源发电情况;Economic dispatch and the merit order经济调度和优势排序;Renewable energies and the merit order effect 可再生能源和优势排序效应;Base load power plants disappear (fossil fuel power plants need to become more flexible) 基本负荷电厂消失（化石燃料电厂需求提高灵活性） Reduce must-run requirements of conventional power plants 降低对传统发电厂的强制性运行要求 Reduced full-load hours for coal and gas-fired power plants 缩短燃煤和燃气发电厂满负荷运行时间 changing economics and additional revenue requirements via capacity markets? 通过装机市场改变经济状况和额外收入需求？ Operation of combined heat-and-power and biomass plants according to electricity demand (and not according to heat demand) 根据电力需求运行热电联产和生物质能电厂 Upgrade existing power plant in order to allow for better ramping capabilities 对现有发电厂进行升级，以提高功率渐升能力;;;;Creating a flexible power market – Dispatchability of volatile renewable energy sources (wind and solar) 建立灵活的电力市场 – 波动性可再生能源电力的可调度性（风电和太阳能发电）;High upfront investment (capital costs) 前期投资费用高（资本成本） Almost zero marginal costs 边际成本几乎为零 Fluctuating supply (depending on the weather) 波动性供应（取决于天气状况） ;Standard FIT contracts (fixed payment per kWh delivered) 标准上网电价合同（每度电固定收费）;Ex-post defined premium FIT payments 事后确定补贴性上网电价的支付额 Benchmark: Average monthly wholesale electricity price for wind and solar 基准：风电和太阳能电力每月的平均批发电价 Top-up to the predefined strike price for each renewable energy technology 追加至每种可再生能源发电技术预先确定的执行价格;Cap and floor system in Spain (2009-2013) 西班牙的上限与下限制度（2009-2013年） Ex-post