非谓语动词-分发讲义.docx

第六章非谓语动词 英语的非谓语动词共有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。它们都具 有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。与限定动词（非 谓语动词）不同，它们不能独立作谓语，不受主语人称和数的限制。 动词不定式 I.动词不定式的形式和时态 时态 主动态 被动态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have bee n done 完成进行式 to have bee n doing A lot of young people are lear ning to drive cars. He is said to have studied En glish for three years. n.动词不定式在句中的作用 (1 )作主语： To make money is not the only purpose of our life. (2 )作动词的宾语： I didn t expect to see you here. I found it impossible to finish the work on time. 作动词的宾语补足语： I ll get somebody to repair the machine. 作定语(常置于名词之后) She is always the first student to arrive at school. I found no one to play with. (5 )作表语： Not to grasp firmly is not to grasp at all. 作状语 He tried again only to fail. It is impolite of you to do so. 作独立副词成分： To begi n with, he is too young, and besides, he is not brave. 与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词 when, where, how等后加动词不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例 女口： Whe n to start has not bee n decided. 川.不定式的逻辑主语 1.不定式的逻辑主语一般由 for和of引导，for/of +名词或代词+动 词不定式构成，尤其常用于 It is / was + adj. for sb. to do sth.句型中。例如: It is important for the accounts to be ready by Friday. It s kind of you to say so. W.不带to的动词不定式 1.使役动词及感官动词后， 女口 let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch 等。例如： The teacher makes me rewrite the composition. 2 .在下列结构后常用不带 to的动词不定式：had better, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well, can not but, cannot help, do nothing but 等。例如：I d better go now, or I ll miss the train. 在except, but之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but后一般接不 带to的动词不定式，反之则接带的动词不定式。例如： There s nothing to do except wait. rather than, sooner than 置于句首时，例如： Rather tha n leave the child beh ind, he brought the child with him. 在 why, why not 后，例如： Why argue with him? 动名词 I.动名词的形式和时态 时态 主动态 被动态 一般式 doi ng being done 完成式 havi ng done havi ng bee n done We enjoy watching colour TV . He forgot havi ng promised to write things for us. n.动名词在句中的作用 1 .作主语： Eat ing too much is not good for your health. 2.作补语、表语： Seeing is believi ng.