高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了.docx

不得用于商业用途 不得用于商业用途 不得用于商业用途 不得用于商业用途 仅供个人参考 FUCme 蚆A高分子化学和高分子物理 节 UNIT 1 What are Polymer? 袁第一单元 什么是高聚物？ 蝿 What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and gia nt molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, commonsalt. To contrast the differe nee, the molecular weight of com mon salt is on ly 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hun dred thousa nd, even more tha n thousa nd thousands. These big molecules or ‘ macro-molecules are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compo un ds. To illustrate, imagi ne that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compo und. Alter natively, in dividual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of differe nt compo un ds. 蒇什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通 的盐。与低分子化合物不同的是，普通盐的分子量仅仅是 58.5，而高聚物的分子量高于 105，甚至大于106。这些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成。小分子相互结合形成大 分子，大分子能够是一种或多种化合物。举例说明，想象一组大小相同并由相同的材料制 成的环。当这些环相互连接起来，可以把形成的链看成是具有同种分子量化合物组成的高 聚物。另一方面，独特的环可以大小不同、材料不同，相连接后形成具有不同分子量化合 物组成的聚合物。 芃 This interlinking of many units has given the polymer its name, poly meaning ‘ many and mer meaning ‘ part (in Greek). As an example, a gaseous compound called butadie ne, with a molecular weight of 54, comb ines n early 4000 times and gives a polymer known as polybutadiene (a synthetic rubber) with about 200 000molecular weight. The low molecular weight compo unds from which the polymers form are known as mono mers. The picture is simply as follows: 罿许多单元相连接给予了聚合物一个名称， poly意味着“多、聚、重复” ，mer意味着“链 节、基体”(希腊语中)。例如：称为丁二烯的气态化合物，分子量为 54,化合将近4000 次，得到分子量大约为 200000被称作聚丁二烯(合成橡胶)的高聚物。形成高聚物的低 仅供个人参考 分子化合物称为单体。下面简单地描述一下形成过程： 月膈 butadie ne + butadie ne + ??? butadie ne-- polybutadie ne 腿（4 000 time） 莄丁二烯 +丁二烯+…+ 丁二烯 聚丁二烯 莂（4000次） 薈 One can thus see how a substa nee （mono mer） with as small