it、one、that的用法与区别整理.pdfVIP

it/one/that 的用法和区别 I. it ／one ／that 三者均可用作代词, 指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it 指代同名同物; one与 that 则指代同名异物。 I have lost my umbrella; Im looking for it. （该句中it 就是指前面 的my umbrella） I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. （one 在该句中表 泛指, 因为my umbrella 已经丢了） The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. （替代词that 在该句中特指 “the umbrella I bought”, 以区别 “the umbrella you bought”） II. one 与 that 虽可用来指代同名异物, 但 one 为泛指, 相当于 a ／an＋名 词; that为特指, 相当于 the ＋名词。所以one 所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a ／an ／some ／any; that 所指代的名词的修饰语往往是 the ／this ／that。 A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. （该句中 one 可以换成 a chair） The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （该句中that 可以换成 the water） III. one 只能代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 ones; that 既可 以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 those。 I like this pen more than that one. （one 代替可数名词单数 pen） There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （ones 代替可数名词复数 people） Marys handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （that 代替不 可数名词 handwriting） These pictures are more beautiful than those. （those 代替可数名词 复数 pictures） IV. one 既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that 只能代替事物而不能代替人。有 时可以用 the one 或 the ones 代替 that 或 those。 The one ／That on the table is mine. （该句中The one 代替事物, 并 且也可以用 That） He is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students. （该句中 the one 代替人, 不能用 that） He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones ／ those that had the best color. （该句中the ones 代替事物, 并且也可以用 those） V. one 一般有前置修饰语, 有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语。而 that 不能有前置修饰语, 但可有后置修饰语。 Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of his sailors. The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river. VI. it 可以替代句中的不定式或从句等, 充当形式主语或形式宾语。one 与 that 均无此用法。 It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month. I found it hard to get on with her.