2021届高考二轮英语语法特训学案-动词讲与练（七）-含答案.docx

备战2021年高考英语——语法之动词讲与练（七） 一、被动语态概述?　语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。　如：　He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）　The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）?二、被动语态的构成?　被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。?　1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明： 　2、被动语态的句式变化：　以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 　3、含有情态动词的被动语态　情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如：　Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。　Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）　Can tables be made of stone??桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。 （2）将动词改为be+过去分词。（3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。　注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 eg. Tom? broke a glass. → A glass was broken by Tom.注意事项： （1）主动句中的主语如果是复数形式含糊地表示人们、大家的单词，变为被动句时可以不用表示，但原主语被强调者除外。 eg. They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975.（2）含有双宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。 eg. He gave us the book.? 　We were gave the book by him.　? The book was given by him. 巩固练习： 1. It’s not fair that you come home after a bad day at work and ____ your wife and children. ?A. take it out on ? ? ? ?B. take out it on ? ? ? ?C. take out on ? ? ?D. take on it with ? 2. She put an extra blanket over the baby for fear that____. ?A. he catches cold ? ? B. he should catch cold ? ? C. he caught cold ? ? D. he be catching cold ? 3. Our teacher recommended that we ____ as attentive as possible when we visit the museum. ?A. are ? ? ?B. shall be ? ? ? C. be ? ? ?D. were ? 4. You ____ business interfering with my affairs. ? A. have none ? ?B. have no ? ? ?C. have none of the ? ? ? D. have nothing like ? 5. The new cut in interest rate ____ promote domestic investment. ?A. means to ? ?B. directs toward ? ? ?C. is meant to ? ? D. leads to ? 6. Advertising media like direct mail, radio, television and newspapers ____to increase the sales of industrial products. ? A. have been used ? ? ?B. will be used