信号与系统讲义（6）.PDFVIP

信号与系统讲义（6） 马殿光 傅里叶分析 In this lecture, we represent a signal as a weighted superposition of complex sinusoids. If such a signal is applied to an LTI system, then the system output is a weighted superposition of the system response to each complex sinusoid. The study of signals and systems using sinusoidal representations is termed Fourier analysis . 线性时不变系统的频率响应 The response of an LTI system to a sinusoidal input leads to a characterization of system behavior that is termed thefrequency response of the system. Consider the output of a continuous-time LTI system with impulse response h (t) and unit amplitude complex sinusoidal input x (t ) ej t . This output is given by y (t ) h (t ) x (t )   h()x(t )d   h()ej (t  ) d  ej t  h()ej  d H ( j)ej t where we have defined  H ( j)  h()ej d Hence, the output of an LTI system is a complex sinusoid of the same frequency as the input, multiplied by the complex number H ( j). The complex scaling factor H ( j) is not a function of time t , but is only a function of frequency  and is termed thefrequency response of the continuous- time system. We say that the complex sinusoid ej t is an eigenfunction of the LTI system H associated with the eigenvalue H ( j). ej t H ( j)ej t An intuitive interpretation of the sinusoidal steady- state response is obtained by writing H ( j) in polar form. That is, H ( j) H ( j) ej arg{H (j )} where H ( j) is termed the magnitude response and arg{H ( j)} is termed the phase response of the system. We may express the output as y (t ) H ( j ) e j (t arg{H (j )}) The system thus modifies the amplitude of the input by H