LIX84和LIX54混合萃取剂从氨性溶液中萃取锌的研究..docxVIP

第 42 卷第 3 期中南大学学报 (自然科学版 V ol.42No.3 2011 年 3 月 Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology Mar. 2011 LIX84 和 LIX54 混合萃取剂从氨性溶液中萃取锌的研究 吴贤文 ,尹周澜 ,刘春轩 ,胡慧萍 ,丁治英 ,陈启元 (中南大学化学化工学院 ,湖南长沙 ,410083 摘要 :以 Zn2+-NH3- Cl- -H2O 氨性溶液为水相 ,考察 LIX84 和 LIX54 混合萃取剂 相对含量、相比、被萃水相中锌离子浓度、总氨浓度和 pH 对锌萃取率的影响。借 助计算软件 GEM-Selektor 从理论上分析被萃水相 pH 对锌萃取率的影响。研究结 果表明 :相比、被萃水相总氨浓度和 pH 是影响锌萃取率的主要因素 ;被萃水相是总 氨浓度为 3 mol/L 、锌离子质量浓度为 3 g/L 的氨性溶液 ,当 NH3 与 NH4Cl 的物质的量比 n(NH3:n(NH4Cl 为 3、相比为 1:1 时,于 40 ℃振荡 30min,单次锌萃取率可达 76.42%。 关键词 :氨性溶液 ;萃取剂 ;萃取 ;锌 中图分类号 :TF813 文献标志码 :A 文章编号 :1672-7207(201103-0605- 05 Zinc extraction from ammoniacal solutions with mixture of LIX84 and LIX54 WU Xian-wen, YIN Zhou-lan, LIU Chun-xuan, HU Hui-ping, DING Zhi-ying, CHEN Qi-yuan (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China Abstract: With Zn2+-NH3- Cl- -H2O solution as ammoniacal solution, the effect of such factors as the relative content of the mixed extractant, phase ratio, concentration of zinc ion, total ammonia concentration and pH in the aqueous solution on zinc extraction ratio was studied. The effect of pH on zinc extraction ratio was theoretically illustrated with CEM-Selektor software. The experimental results show that phase ratio, total ammonia concentration and pH are the main factors influencing the zinc extraction ratio. The zinc extraction ratio is up to 76.42% in the first stage of extraction experiment under the condition of temperature 40℃, total ammonia concentration 3 mol/L and zinc ion concentration 3 g/L, n(NH3:n(NH4Cl=3, the phase ratio 1:1 and the reaction time 30 min. Key words: ammoniacal solution; extractant; extraction; zinc 兰坪低品位氧化锌矿储存量多达 1 200 万 t,但钙镁含量高 ,采用传统酸浸工艺耗 酸量大 ,每生产 1 t 锌耗硫酸约 5 t[1-3] 。与传统酸浸工艺相比 ,氨浸工艺仅浸出与氨配合的金属离子 ,而不浸出钙、镁等离子 [2], 因此 ,氨浸工艺在处理高碱性低品位氧化锌矿中具有明显优势 [4-7] 。不少学者 [8-9] 利用锌氨浸出液直接电积生产锌 ,但因杂 质离子干扰难以得到优质电锌。生产优质电锌的较理想途径是 “氨浸 —萃取 —电积 ” 工艺 ,该工艺的关键是萃取技术 ,目前尚缺乏从锌氨浸出液中萃取锌的系统研究。 Alguacil 等[10] 研究了硫酸铵和氨的浓度对 LIX54 萃取锌的影响 ,认为被萃水相 p