浅析主从句中的时态呼应.docx

浅析主从句中的时态呼应 湄潭县马山中学 石宗余 主句和从句谓语动词在时态上呼应问题是初中英语中的一个重点内容。 但它们又是有归 可循的 ,现就其浅析如下。供同学们学习时参考。 一、主句和宾语从句之间时态的搭配 (1) 主句如用现在时或将来时 ,宾语从句可根据需要 选用任何时态。如 :He says thathe is doingwell in his lessons.youwillmiss a lotof lessons.the boy is lazy.XiaoWangwas late for school yesterday.Jim has been back for two days. ·69·(2)主句如用一 般过去时 ,从句也需用过去时态。如 :He saidhe enjoyed himself lastSunday.he hadn ’tbought any presentye.thewould come back the nextday.hewas doing his homework (3)主句为一般过·去 ,但从 句为表示客观事实 ,普遍真理 ,习惯动作时 ,从句也只能用一般现在时。 如 :1)The teacher said the earth goes around the sun。2)He said the sun rises in the eas.t3)His father said he gets up at six oc lock everymorning.4)He toldme the light travels faster than the sound. 二、主句和状语从句之间的搭配在由 when、before、after、until 、as soon as等引导的时 间状语从句和由“ if”引导的条件状语从句中 ,主句有下列条件时 ,从句用一般现在时。如 :(1) 主句用一般将来时 ,如 :Ill tellhim as soon as he comes back.Wewont go there if it rains tomorrow.(2) 主句含有情态动词时 , 如 :You can catch the firstbus ifyou getup early.Youmay answer these questionswhen you understand yourteacher.(3) 主句为祈使句时 ,如 :Go on until you reach the end。 Tellme about itwhen you know.Wait forme ifyou get there first (4)当主句含有 want、 hope 时,如 :Iwant to be a teacherwhen I grow up.I hope to gowith you if I am free. 注意:1 在由“ since”引导的时间状语从句中 ,主句用现在完成时 ,从句用一般过去时。 如 : I haveworked here since Icame. 2·由 when 引导的时间状语从句 ,主句用一般过去时或过去进行时 ,从句用一般过去时 , 反 之 从 句 用 过 去 进 行 时 , 主 句 用 一 般 过 去 时 。 如 :It began to rainwhen I arrived at schoo.lWewereworking about a bookwhen he came in.When I was walking in the stree,t I saw an old friend ofmine. 3·以 when 引导的从句 ,主句用过去完成时或一般过去时 ,从句用一般过去时或过去完成 时。如 :The train had leftwhen I got to the station.Hewent to bedwhen l did(had done)my homework. 4·由 after, before, as soon as,引导的时间状语从句 ,由于连词本身已说明了主从句动作的 先后关系 ,所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时 ,如 :He (had) leftbefore l got there.Iwenthome after I had done(did) my homework.The film(had)began before I got to the station.此外 ,以 because等引导的原因状语从句和主句的时态搭配没有固定的规律可循  ,要根据主从句表达的 时间关系来确定。如