牛津译林版8b-语法详解之被动语态.docxVIP

可编辑 可编辑 【语法详解】被动语态 主动 主动 ㈠英语中的语态—主动语态和被动语态 1?英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态和被动语态。 态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：① new bridge was built over the river by them.( (主动 ) t English is spoken by many people.( 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者， 被动语 They built a new bridge over the river.( 被动)② Many people speak English. ) 被动 2?汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用“助动词 be +及物动词的过去分词构成”， 即“ be + p.p. ”其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。 ㈡被动语态的基本用法 ?当句子的主语是动作的执行者时， 谓语的形式是主动语态。 当句子的主语是动作的承受者 时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词 be +过去分词构成，时态通过动词 be表现出 来。 2?什么时候使用被动语态 ⑴不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。① Some windows were broken last night.注意：第②句= ⑴不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 ① Some windows were broken last night. 注意：第②句= This book came out in 2005. come out 动语态。 ⑵只强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 ① Educational CD -ROMs are sold in many countries. Chi na. ③ English is learned all over th e world. 注意：不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，如： ㈢被动语态的基本结构 ② This book was published ( 2005. 是不及物动词短语，不能用于被 ② Rice was first grown in appear, happe n, take place 等。 出版 ?动作的承受者+ be +过去分词+其他+ by +动作的执行者。 简写为“承受者+ be +过去分词+其他+ by +动作的执行者”。 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： 确定主动语态的时态，它决定着被动语态中的助动词 be o t 找出主动语态的主、谓、宾。 t按照上述句式改写：承受者 +be+过去分词+其他+ by +执行者 3?常用的被动语态结构 时态 结构 时态 结构 一般现在时 am/is/are + p.p. 含情态动 词 can/may/must/ …be + p.p. 一般过去时 was/were + p.p. 现在完成 时 have/has bee n + p.p. 一般将来时 will/shall be + p.p. am/is/are going to be + p.p. 现在进行 时 am/is/are being + p.p. 主动改为被动语态的例子：主动语态基本结构为主、谓、宾。 (1) His brother washes dishes every day. t Dishes are washed every day by his brother. 主(执行者) 谓 宾(承受者) 其他 f The room will be cleaned tomorrow bylittle boy musthbe looked after by him.f f The room will be cleaned tomorrow by little boy musthbe looked after by him. f A charity show is being watched by Peter. ⑶ He must look after the little boy. (4) The students are watching a charity show. the stude nts. ㈣特殊情况的被动语态 简单句五种基本形式中的其中两种变为被动语态时十分重要： 主谓+双宾：这类短语含有介词 to或for。如： give, send, show, buy, make ⑴ give sb sth givsth to sb , buy sb sth = buy sth for sb 主动语态： Amy gave me some nice stickers. = Amy gave some nice stickers to me. 被动语态：I was given some nice stickers