The Development of the English Vocabulary英语词汇的发展.ppt

Chapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary What is the significance of the knowledge of vocabulary development ? What is the Indo-European language family? Where did the vocabulary come from? How is the vocabulary related to other languages ? What is the process of borrowing？ Introduction 2.0.1 Awareness of culture behind the language e.g. beef, bull bookish 2.0.2 Efficiency interest in language learning 1) origin and change of word meaning e.g. school: leisure (Greek ) e.g. the ancient Chinese sayings: 行有余力,则以学文《论语·学而篇》 2) the relationship of English vocabulary three synonyms: Latin; French ; English A language family refers to a group of languages that have developed from a single ancestor. based on: phonological, morphological, and lexical correspondences that stem from the protolanguage. 2.1 The Indo-European Language Family The Indo-European Language Family Protolanguage(原始母语)is a term indicates an early stage of a language or language family that is not historically attested but rather reconstructed through the comparative methods. about six thousand different languages in the world (Barber,C. The English Language: A Historical Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p53, 1993. ). about 300 language families (语系) on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammars . The Indo-European language Family . The Indo-European is made up of most of the languages of Europe，the Near East，and India. The surviving languages can be grouped into an Eastern set：Balto－Slavic, Indo-lranian，Armenian and Albanian； a Western set：Celtic，Italic，Hellenic，Germanic. 2.1.2 The Indo-European Language Family Indo-European