南水北调与水利科技研究论文.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 11 南水北调与水利科技研究论文 摘要：本文根据现代水利的发展要求，探索了调水工程的设计思想如何适应新形势的发展要求。研究的主要问题包括：输水方式应适应现代水利发展思路的要求，机电设备性能与运行效益的关系，常规技术与新技术的关系，水力控制理论在调水工程建设中的作用，工程总体规划设计质量的保证问题。建议是：在输水方式的选择上应与节水、防污和生态保护有机结合起来，尽可能采用封闭式输水方式；在机电设备的选择上，应当建立“重运行效率、供水的可靠性，轻设备本身投资”的观念；对于那些效益巨大的新技术，大型调水工程建设应当成为采用新技术的典范 关键词：调水工程设计新思想输水方式制 NewThoughtonDesignofWaterDiversionProjects ABSTRACT:Itisdiscussedwhatnewthoughtonthedesignofwaterdiversionprojectsisneededinthemodernwaterresources.Themajorissuesincludethatthewaterdiversionmodeofaprojectshouldsuitforthedevelopmentofthemodernwaterresources,theselectionofpump-motorunits,andtherelationshipbetweenregulartechniquesandnovelones,aswellastheapplicationofthemodernhydrauliccontroltheorytotheconstructionofwaterdiversionprojectsandthesupervisionforthedesignqualitiesoftheprojects.Asaresult,itissuggestedfortheconstructionofthelarge-scalewaterdiversionprojectsasfollows.Firstly,fromthepointofviewforwatersaving,pollutionpreventionandenvironmentprotection,theclosedpipesorchannelshadbetterbeusedforwaterconveyancebutopenchannels.Secondly,intheselectionofpump-motorunits,itisthereliability,efficiencyandregulatingabilitiesthatarethedecisivefactorbuttheircosts.Thirdly,thenewtechniqueswithgreatlyeconomicalbenefitshouldbeusedasfaraspossible,eveniftherearesomerisks.Fourthly,inthedesignofaproject,themethodsofthehydrauliccontrolshouldbeappliedtomakingthedispositionofthehydraulicconstructions,mechanicalandelectricalequipmentandautomationcontrolsystemsoptimize.Atlast,theexistingsupervisionmodeofthequalitiesofthedesignsoftheprojectsmustbeimproved.Besidesfortheexertmeetings,thereshouldbethethirdthatcarriesoutthecomputinginvestigationforthepreliminaryplansprovidedbythedesigninstitutesindetails. KEYWORDS:waterdiversionproject,newthought；waterdiversionmode；hydrauliccontrol；newtechnique；designquality. 我国水资源时空分布极不平衡，在空间分布上南方水多，北方水少；在时间分布上，降雨量主要集中在夏季三个月内，其它月份降雨量很少。干旱缺水是我国尤其是北方地区经济社会发展的重要制约因素，据统计我国669座城市中有400座供水不足，110座严重缺水。随着我国城市化进程的加快，通过跨地区、跨流域的调水工程解决城市用水是一种必然的发展趋势。水利部汪恕