几类非线性常微分方程的求解方法探讨.docVIP

几类非线性常微分方程的求解方法探讨 理学院数学与应川数学 摘要:非线性常微分方程在解决实际问题屮应用十分广泛，由于其形式多样，也没有 固定的解决方法，所以本文针对儿类特殊的非线性常微分方程，讨论了其和对较为固定 的求解方法。本文对一阶、二阶以及高阶非线性常微分方程的求解方法分别加以讨论， 主要有交换变量位置法、积分因子法、变量替换法、函数迭代法、积分法等。首先从定 理出发，分别给定了几类方程的特定形式及对应的求解方法，并列举了实例。 关键词:非线性常微分方程、交换变量、积分因子法、变量替换、积分法、函数迭代 The Discuss of Solution Seeking Method for several types of Nonlinear Ordinary differential equation Abstract: The nonlinear ordinary differential equation is used extensively when we solve practical question. Because of its many styles and having not fixed solution, the thesis decoded their more fixed solution seeking method, and directly at several sorts of social nonlinear ordinary differential equation .The thesis respectively discusses solution for first-ordinary, second-ordinary, higher-ordinary nonlinear differential equation .There are mainly variable such as substitutions method , method of integrating factor, method of function iteration, integral method and so on. The thesis firstly beginning with theorems, respectively gives out styles several sorts of equation and their corresponding solution seeking methods, and also lists out examples- Key words: Nonlinear ordinary differential equation, substitutions method, method of integrating factor, method of function iteration, integral method. TOC \o 1-5 \h \z 0弓|言 3 HYPERLINK ■ ? ■ dx dx dy1 _ h(y) dx M(y) + P( y) dydxq(y)无 | p(y)dy dydx q(y)无 | p(y) dy /7(y) h(y) 这是一阶线性方程，用公式可直接得出方程(1.2.1)的通解为(1.2.2) o 例1求方程——的通解。 dx sin y - x 解：根据定理1可取 力(y) =『gy q(y) = _1 从而可得方程的通解为 rsin)~￡(Jfgy 从而 x = e^，dy p(y) = sin y dy + c) =~—(7 sin2 y + c) sin y 2 定理2若方程 (1.2.3)求得其通解为： (1.2.3) 求得其通解为：(124) dx xq(y)^-xmp(y) l_〃f存在，其中方(y),p(y),q(刃w C.me /?,可用交换变量兀, l_〃f 证明：交换变量a; y的位置 dy _ 1 _ h(y) — — dx dx M(y) + fp(y) dy 从而 竺二凹“凹〃 dy h(y) /?(y) 这是可解的贝努利方程，令z二』，则方程化为： 1 dz 丄 q(y) /X刃 1 z = 1 - m cly 1 dz 丄 q(y) /X刃 1 z = 1 - m cly 力(刃 /?(y) dz 丄八 、g(y) J 、p(y) ——+ (1— 加) 乙-(1 -m) dy h(y) h(y) 这是一阶线性方程，由公式可得方程(1.2.3)得通解为(1.2.4) o 例2解方程0 = 4归 clx x + xtgy 解：根据定理2可取 a/?(y)