大学课程多媒体通信multimedia_communication_reviewv11.pptVIP

Signal to Quantization Noise Ratio (SQNR，量化信噪比) Quantization noise: the difference between the actual value of the analog signal, for the particular sampling time, and the nearest quantization interval value. At most, this error can be the half of the interval. SQNR: To characterize the quality of the quantization Usually SQNR = 6.02N+1.76(dB) (6.4) N is quantization bit number such as 8-bit or 16bit UESTC * * Spatial Resolution = row (pixel) × columns (pixel) Image Data = Spatial Resolution × Bits/pixel / 8 (Bytes) Spatial Resolution × log2GrayscaleLevels / 8 Example 1024 ×768 ×24/8=2,359,296 Bytes Sample television picture (NTSC, 525 lines) with VGA (Video Graphics Array) video controller: 640 ×480, 8bit/pixel Data volume = spatial resolution × bit/pixel = 640 ×480 × 8 ＝ 2.457Mb Image Data Computing UESTC * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Download approach applied for Web object. Not suitable for VoD services because start-up delay is unacceptable. * * How does RSVP work?— An overview ? RSVP is used to set up reservations for network resources. When an application in a host (the data stream receiver) requests a specific quality of service (QoS) for its data stream, it uses RSVP to deliver its request to routers along the data stream paths. RSVP is responsible for the negotiation of connection parameters with these routers. If the reservation is setup, RSVP is also responsible for maintaining router and host states to provide the requested service. ? Each node capable of resource reservation has several local procedures for reservation setup and enforcement. Policy control determines whether the user has administrative permission to make the reservation. In the future, authentication, access control and accounting for reservation will also be implemented by policy control. Admission control keeps track of the system resources and determines whether the node has sufficient resources to supply the requested QoS. ? The RSVP daemon c