虚拟语气学生版.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE # 虚拟语气 虚拟语气概述 虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood )表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是 一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的 假设等。虚拟语气要用特定的动词形式。 Period 1 一、虚拟语气在 条件从句 的用法 1表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的形式 条件从句 主句 动词过去式(be用were) would(should, could, might)+ 动词原形 We (go) with you if we (have) time. We (ask) him if he (be) here. If I (know) his teleph one nu mber, I (ring) him up. 2 ?表示与过去事实 相反，谓语动词的形式 条件从句 主句 had+过去分词 would(should, could, might)+have+ 动词的过去分词 If he (see) you yesterday, he (ask) you about it. If you (come) earlier, you (meet)him. I (call) you if I (know) your telepho ne nu mber. 3 ?表示与将来事实 相反，谓语动词的形式 条件从句 主句 动词过去式 或should+动词原形 或were to+动词原形 would(should, could, might)+ 动词原形 If it (rain), the crops (save). If it (snow) tomorrow, they would not go out. 错综时间条件句/混合虚拟条件句 有时虚拟条件句中的主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致 ，主句和从句的谓语动词的形 式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整 . If you (speak) to him last time you saw him, you (know) what to do now. 三、含蓄条件句 指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。这类隐含式虚 拟条件句往往都可以转化为 if引导的条件句。 表示含蓄虚拟条件的方法有： 介词或介词短语，如 but for, without等。 But for the leadership of the party, we could not be livi ng a happy life today. =If the leadership of the party, we could not be livi ng a happy life today. 连词，如： or(otherwise), else, or else ,in case, lest, for fear that(唯恐),but that 等 He was take n to hospital at on ce, otherwise he (die). They got two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they would never have been able to afford to go. 注：lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用 should+动词原形，should可 省略，但也可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气。 The foreig n teacher spoke slowly in case we misun derstood him. Care must be take n in using this method lest overflow should occur. 四、虚拟条件句中的倒装 若虚拟条件句中有 were, had, should时，可以省略if,把were, had, should提到主语前, 用倒装结构。 如果你早点通知我的话，我就不会去机场接你了。 如果我有时间，我就跟你去购物。 Period 2 Step1 Revisio n 虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定 The volleyball match will be put off if it . A. will rain B. rai ns C. rained D. is rained ——Would you have called her up possible? ——Yes, but I busy doing my homework. A. had it bee n; was B. if it was; were if it had bee n; had bee n