城市气象学：第二章 一些流体力学和湍流基本概念.pptVIP

考虑湍流粘性效应的边界层 * Local winds with friction下垫面不同，则湍流混合长及湍流粘性系数均不同 A rough surface creates eddying within the atmosphere and increases the frictional retardation and spreads it over greater depth. * * Figure : Formation of a Boundary Layer Boundary Layer Let us now follow the effects as a flow approaches a flat plate, Consider a uniform (inviscid) flow in front of a flat plate at a speed . As soon as the flow hits the plate No Slip Conditions gets into action. As a result, the velocity on the body becomes zero. Since the effect of viscosity is to resist fluid motion, the velocity close to the solid surface continuously decreases towards downstream. But away from the flat plate the speed is equal to the free stream value of . Consequently a velocity gradient is set up in the fluid in a direction normal to flow. Thus a layer establishes itself close to the wall with a velocity gradient. This is what we call the Boundary Layer. * The Character of flow past an object is dependent on the value of the Reynolds number. Why the boundary layer theory is limited to large values of the Reynolds number ? Re=0.1 Re=10 Re=107 Dark area is the area where viscous effects are important * Clearly the actual fluid viscosity is the same throughout(viscosity is same in the boundary layer and outside the boundary layer ) ; only the relatively importance of the viscous effects (due to the velocity gradients ) is different within or outside of the boundary layer. What is the essential difference between the boundary layer and outside the boundary layer ? Fluid particles within the boundary layer experience viscous effects ( because of velocity shear there ) . 火箭穿越大气层边缘， 此时微观特征尺度接近宏观特征尺度； 研究激波结构， 此时宏观特征尺度接近微观特征尺度。 连续介质方法失效场合 杭　建,林贞彬,郭大华,林建民,曾　明,黄　德,葛学真. 高焓风洞中钝体近尾流红外辐射测试技术. 实验流体力学, 2005, 19(4):69-73. (EI 期刊) 林贞彬, 黄　德,杭　建, 林建民,郭大华,曾　明,葛学真. 高超声速钝锥流场红外辐射实验研究.力学学报,2006, 38(4):446-451. (SCI/EI 期刊) 高　冰,杭　建,林贞彬,郭大华,林建民. 高温真实气体效应中催化效应对气动热影响的实验探索. 流体力学实验与测量, 2004, 1