新教材-2020-2021学年人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册学案-Unit3-ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION-突破语法大冲关-含解析

直接引语和间接引语 【观察例句】 1．“I don't know the address of my new home，” said Anne. →Anne said that she didn't know the address of her new home. 2．Mother said to Tom，“I will come back home this evening.” →Mother told Tom that she would go back home that evening. 3．“I have never been to Beijing with my parents，” said Jack to his friend. →Jack told his friend that he had never been to Beijing with his parents. 4．“Does a friend always have to be with each other？” Mary asked Lily. →Mary asked Lily if/whether a friend always has to be with each other. 【归纳用法】 直接引语如果改为间接引语，须在连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。 1．连接词的选择 (1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。 The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door.”小男孩说：“我在玩我的玩具，这时有人敲门。”(直接引语为陈述句) →The little boy said(that)he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.小男孩说，他在玩他的玩具，那时有人敲门。(间接引语为that引导的宾语从句) (2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or...或...or not)或if引导。 Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”妈妈对她的女儿说：“你对你的新房间满意吗？”(直接引语为一般疑问句) →Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.妈妈问她女儿是否对她的新房间满意。(间接引语改为whether/if引导的宾语从句) (3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 “When will the sports meet be held？”he said.他说：“什么时候举行运动会？”(直接引语为特殊疑问句) →He asked when the sports meet would be held.他问什么时候举行运动会。(间接引语改为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句) 【注意】 (1)直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为told sb.。 (2)直接引语是疑问句时，如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。 (3)疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。 [即学即练1]　将直接引语变换为间接引语 ①The patient asked，“Is Dr.Li at the hospital？” →The patient asked whether/if Dr.Li was at the hospital. ②“Who lost the key to the room？”asked Miss Green. →Miss Green asked who had lost the key to the room. 2．人称的变化 (记忆口诀)一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。 (1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。 Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.” 玛丽说，“我想拥有一台我自己的电脑。” →Mary said that she wanted to have a computer