2021届高考英语语法非谓语动词作定语，状语和补语导学案.docxVIP

高中英语语法--非谓语动词作定语，状语和补语+练习 一、非谓语动词作定语 1．基本形式和功能 基本形式 功能 现在分词一般式doing 主动和进行的动作 现在分词一般式的被动结构being done 被动和进行的动作 过去分词done 被动和完成的动作，或仅指完成的动作 动词不定式to do 将要发生的动作 动词不定式一般式的被动结构to be done 将要发生和被动的动作 The problem discussed at the last meeting was of great importance. 上次会议讨论的问题很重要。 The problem being discussed now is of great importance. 现在正在讨论的问题非常重要。 The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance. 下次会议要讨论的问题很重要。 2．ability，chance，idea，fact，attempt，moment，way，right等词后常接不定式作后置定语。 We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们向参加聚会的人保证有机会和这位电影明星合影。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English？你有英文读写能力吗？ 二、非谓语动词作状语 1．不定式作状语 (1)不定式作目的状语也可以构成“so as to do”或“in order to do”的结构。但so as to do不可置于句首。不定式作目的状语置于句中时不可用逗号和句子隔开。 Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year so as to/in order to visit her. 为了看望她，她母亲计划每年至少乘飞机去北京四次。 In order not to forget，Bob wrote down my number. 为了不忘记，鲍勃写下了我的号码。 (2)不定式作结果状语。常用于以下句型so...as to; such...as to do；...enough to do；only to do(常表示意外的结果)；too...to...等。 Jane hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 简匆匆赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 The walls are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day. 现在墙壁冷得足以在炎热的白天给房子降温。 (3)不定式作原因状语。多用在表示喜怒哀乐的形容词后，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。 I’m more than happy to hear the news that you’ll come to visit me. 我非常高兴听到你要来看我的消息。 2．分词作状语 (1)分词作状语时，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式和伴随状况等。为了强调，还可以与when，while，once，if，unless等连词连用。 Not knowing what to do，I had to wait here. 我不知道该怎么办，只好在这儿等着。 When offered help，one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you”． 当一个人被帮助时，常说“谢谢”或“你真好”。 (2)不定式表结果时往往是意料之外的结果，而分词表结果时往往是顺理成章、自然而然的结果。 He glanced at her，noticing that though she was tiny，she seemed very well. 他瞥了她一眼，注意到她虽然很小，但看起来很好。 (3)有些分词或不定式短语作状语，构成独立结构，其形式不受上下文的影响。常见的有：generally speaking一般说来；judging from/by根据……来判断；considering.../o consideration考虑到；compared with/to...与……相比；to tell you the truth说实话；to begin/start with首先；given考虑到；provided/providing that如果 Generally speaking