国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Particle Physics Part 2 - Particles and interactions.pptVIP

Teacher notes The masses of the neutrino and antineutrino are extremely small, but non-zero. Students should understand from this table that particles and their corresponding antiparticles have - the same mass - opposite charge - the same rest energy. If mass is the same, rest energy will be the same because E = mc2. * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 1 and AS Particle Physics * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 1 and AS Particle Physics Teacher notes The weak force is also sometimes referred to as the weak nuclear force or the weak interaction. * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 1 and AS Particle Physics Photo credit: CERN / Science Photo Library Worker assembling the underground area 2 (UA2) particle detector at CERN (the European particle physics laboratory) near Geneva, Switzerland. The detector was placed around the super-proton-synchrotron (SPS) particle accelerator. In 1983 UA2, together with UA1, was used in experiments that discovered the W and Z particles, the mediators of the weak nuclear force. The discovery earned the 1986 Nobel Prize in physics for the UA1 team leader Carlo Rubbia. Teacher notes Another type of boson, the Z boson, can also mediate the weak force, but students do not meet any examples of it at AS level. The exchange particles for the other fundamental forces are not required, but are given below: Strong force gluons Gravitational force graviton (a hypothetical particle that has not been observed) * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 1 and AS Particle Physics Teacher notes It should be noted that axes are often not shown on Feynman diagrams, and will not be shown throughout the rest of this presentation. It is more conventional to depict antiparticles with the arrow reversed, but this is not required for AS level. The Feynman diagram is named after the American physicist Richard Feynman (1918–1988). Feynman i