2.2.2 医学微生物学Special structure of bacteria.pdfVIP

Special structure of bacteria • Do you know the unique structure of bacteria? • What are their functions? Special structure of bacteria Capsule Spore flagellum/flədʒeləm/ Pili 1 capsule Some bacterial cell walls are wrapped around a mucus/mjuːkəs/ -like substance; ordinary staining is not easy to color, and a transparent ring is visible under the light microscope. Chemical components: Most bacteria: polysaccharides A small number of bacteria: peptide (Bacillus anthracis), hyaluronic /haiəljurɔnik/ acid (streptococci) Formation of capsule Nutritious medium (sugar, serum) Capsular bacteria form mucus type (M), smooth type (S) colonies Colony becomes rough after losing the capsule (R) Capsule function Anti-phagocytosis /fæ gə(ʊ)saɪtəʊsɪs/: an important virulence factor for pathogenic bacteria Anti-bactericidal substance damage: such as lysosomes, complement Adhesion: related to pathogenicity; formation of biofilm 2 flagellum/flədʒeləm/ An elongated, curved filament /flə‘mləmt/ extending out of the body of the bacteria. Dyeing characteristics: flagella staining Classification of flagellum Mono trichate Amphi trichate Lopho trichate Peri trichate • H.pylori Pseudomonas Flagella/fləˈdʒɛlə/ function The moving organs of bacteria. Some bacterial flagella is associated with pathogenicity. Flagellin has antigenicity: H antigen 3 pilus On the surface