2020-2021学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit1 语法教案.docx

Unit1 语法 定语从句中关系代词的省略 关系代词引导定语从句时，替代被定语从句修饰的先行词，可以在定语从句中分别作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，当关系代词替代先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，有时可以省略。 1.关系代词替代先行词在限制性定语从句中作动词或动词短语的宾语时可以省略。例如： The company which/that we visited last Sunday was set up in 1986.=The company we visited last Sunday was set up in 1986.上星期天我们参观的那个公司创办于1986年。 Can you tell me all the names of the children whom the old lady are looking after?=Can you tell me all the names of the children the old lady are looking after?你能把那位老太太照看的那些孩子的名字都告诉我吗？ 2.当关系代词替代先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，如果该介词不是放在关系代词前，即该介词仍在定语从句中的原来位置，关系代词可以省略；如果该介词放在关系代词前，关系代词则不能省略。例如： The teacher whom/that some foreigners are talking with warmly at the school gate now has much teaching experience.现在在校门口一些外宾正同他热烈交谈的那位老师有丰富的教学经验。 =The teacher some foreigners are talking with warmly at the school gate now has much teaching experience. =The teacher with whom some foreigners are talking warmly has much teaching experience.（定语从句中的介词with放在关系代词whom之前，关系代词则不能省去。介词不能放在关系代词that之前。） 注意： 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词替代先行词作宾语时，无论作动词宾语还是介词宾语（无论介词置于句中什么位置），都不能省略。例如： My computer, which you repaired yesterday, has gone wrong again.你昨天修了我的计算机，它又坏了。（此句含有一个非限制性定语从句，which代替先行词computer在定语从句中作动词repaired的宾语，但在非限制性定语从句中不能省）。 My youngest brother, whom I often discussed problems with before,has become one of the outstanding scientists in China.我的小弟弟已经成为中国杰出的科学家之一，我过去常常与他一块讨论问题。（此句含有一个非限制性定语从句，whom代替先行词my youngest brother在定语从句中作介词with的宾语，在这里不能省。） 定语从句中只用that不用which 在关系代词引导定语从句时，that既可以指人，也可以指物，which只能指物。that指物时，一般情况下可以与which互换，然而，在非限制性定语从句中或直接在介词后面用which不用that。但在下列情况下只用that而不能用which。 （1）当先行词既有指人的也有指物的时，只能用that不能用which。例如： He talked about the factories and the workers that he had visited.他谈到他访问过的工厂和工人的情况。 （2）当先行词是all,?little,?much,?few,?everything,?anything,?nothing,?none等不定代词时用that不用which。例如： All that glitters?is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。 （3）当先行词被all,?every,?much,?few,?little,?no,?any修饰时，用that不用which。例如： There is no difficulty that we cant overcome.没有我们克服不了的困难。 （4）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时用that不用which。例如： The first truck that was used in our villa