台湾大学机械工程系能源环境实验室.pptxVIP

燃料電池效率(III);Maximum electric work (Wel) at constant temp. and pressure is given by Gibbs free energy:;Besides, Gibbs’ free energy can be written as:;;The Gibbs’ free energy can be expressed by the equation;;The fuel cell reaction corresponding Nernst equation;;;The ideal efficiency of a fuel cell, operating reversibly, is then,;The thermal efficiency of a hydrogen/oxygen can be written in term of the actual cell voltage;Actual Performance;Activation losses are caused by sluggish electrode kinetics. It is possible to approximate the voltage drop by a semi-empirical equation, called the Tafel equation.;Tafel Plot;Ohmic losses occur because of resistance to the flow in the electrolyte and resistance to the flow electrons through the electrode. Because the electrolyte and fuel cell electrodes obey Ohm’s law, the ohmic losses can be expressed by the equation,;The total resistance, R, which includes electronic, ionic, and contact resistance;The combined effect of the losses for a given cell and given operating conditions can be expressed as polarizations. The total polarization at the electrode is the sum of anode and cathode.;The cell voltage includes the contribution of the anode and cathode potentials and ohmic polarization;19;20;21;22;;