金属材料老师memateri3.pptxVIP

Chapter 3 Steels for Mechanical Parts ;3.1 Strengthening and Toughening;Requirement Good fatigue strength Good yield and ultimate strength Good wear resistance and contact fatigue strength Good impact strength and fracture toughness Light-weight ;3.1.2 Strengthening and toughening Manufacturing Process of Parts Steel → forging → pre-heat treatment → machining (cutting) → final heat treatment → grinding Primary factors Carbon content, alloying elements and heat treatment ;1. Carbon content (0.1-1.1%) With the increase of carbon, the strength and hardness increase, but the ductility and toughness decrease. 2. Alloying elements Increasing quenchability, decreasing sensitivity to over heating, increasing tempering resistance Combination of alloying elements results in better effect. e.g. Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo, W, V, Ti, B, Si, Al…… ;3. Heat treatment Quenching and tempering Quenching 通过淬火得到马氏体组织，而后根据具体的用途和要求进行回火，可综合利用固溶强化、晶界强化、位错强化和第二相强化。 获得足够的马氏体是保证强韧性的关键因素，原奥氏体晶粒尺寸对材料的塑性和韧性影响显著，所以淬火的加热温度、保温时间、冷却速度等必须严格控制。 对于尺寸较大的机器零件还必须保证足够的淬透层深度。 为了防止氧化和脱碳，加热时需要进行保护。 ;3. Heat treatment Tempering 不同的回火工艺得到不同的最终组织，从而达到所需要的性能。 低温回火（≤250℃）：M回，硬度、强度高而塑性、韧性偏低。（耐磨性好的零件） 高温回火（≤650℃）：S回，塑性、韧性高而硬度、强度偏低。（轴类零件） 中温回火（≤450℃）：T回，介于上述两者之间。（弹簧类零件） 回火加热时也需要进行保护。 需要注意回火脆性！ ;3.2 Carburizing steels;3.2.1 Properties and composition 1. Properties Surface (carbonized layer) Hardness, wear resistance, contact fatigue strength, bending fatigue strength, yield strength Inside (under the carbonized layer) Impact toughness, strength, ductility, Heat-treatability Quenchability, small grain size at carbonizing temperature ;2. Composition 1) Low carbon content 0.10%-0.25% 2) Improving quenchability with Cr, Mn, Ni, B… 3) Inhibiting the austenite grain coarsening with strong carbide-forming elements, V, Ti, W, Mo…（本质细晶粒钢） 碳化物形成元素提高渗碳层的碳浓度、增加深度、加快深入速度，但含量过多导致碳浓度梯度过陡、块状碳化物增多、渗层性能