机加工和粉末冶金材料的机加工性能.docx

Machining.机加工 Machining and machinability of PM material 机加工和粉末冶金材料的机加工性能 Machining-purpose Machining-purpose 机加工■目的 to ensure close control of tolerances 确保尺寸公差精度 to secure specified surface finish 确保一定的表面光洁度 to create geometries, impossible to achieve with PM-technique exclusively 得到目前粉末冶金技术难以获得的几何形状 Machining Machining 一 Operations 机加工■定义 Machining by detachement of cuttings, i.e. a chip removing operation.机加工即分离切割，例如去毛刺 Drilling-钻孔 Turning-车削 Milling-ft 削 Threading-攻丝 Grinding-研磨 Machining Machining 一 One criterion 机加工一第一个原则 One criteria to remove a chip 一 exceed the yield point of the work piece material in the area where the chip will be formed. 去除碎屑的一个原则?超过形成碎屑区域的加工材料的屈服点。 1 Stress,。 应力 一 一^ Strain^ 应变 Machining 一 More criteria机加工.更多原则 To exceed yield point ■ not enough to remove a chip. 超过屈服点??不足以去除碎屑。Subcritical angleNo chip formation“亚临界角” 超过屈服点??不足以去除碎屑。 Subcritical angle No chip formation “亚临界角” Supercritical angle Chip formation “超临界角” 没有形成碎屑 没有形成碎屑 Other criteria 其他标准 形成碎屑 {? Tool geometry刀具形状 ? Tool material刀具材料 ? Work piece material需要加工的材料 ? Cutting data切割参数 Machinability - Work piece 机加工性能?影响因素 The machinability of a work piece material is influenced by a number of inside” factors■加工材料的机加工性能受以下几个内在因素 影响 Chemical composition analysis 化学成分 Structure phase 组织结构 Hardness; macro micro硬度：宏观和微观硬度 Porosity (PM!)密度(主要是粉末冶金材料) The machinability of a work piece material is also influenced by outside” factors.加工材料的机加工性能还受到一些外在因素影响 ? Geometrical irregularities, corrosion, cracks..,. 几何形状的不规则，腐蚀，裂纹等等。 Machinability - Work piece (example)机加工性能■举例说明 1250°C, 30 min. III Same powder material (same chemical composition) but different sintering temperature = different structures 相同的材料(相同的化学成分)但是烧结温度不一样 号会得到不同的组织结构 1120°C. 30 min Distaloy AE + 0.5 % C IUU pm Machinability 一 Tool wear life机加工性能■刀具磨损寿命 The tool life corresponds to the tool wear. Tool wear is inevitable. Normal” tool wear = Predictable and controlled. 刀具寿命对应于刀具磨损。刀具磨损是不可避免的。 正常的磨损=可预见性和可控性。 Too