英语5大基本句型_整理版.pdfVIP

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英语五个基本句式及句子成分 (basic sentence patterns and different components ) 前言:这份资料是老师非常认真整理出来的,请大家,特别是基础比较差的同 学一定要从头至尾认认真真看几遍,慢慢消化当中的知识点,对你们学好英语 一定会有很大的帮助的! ! So why not have a try? 一、 Different components: (各种成分) 英语的句子成分跟中文的句子成分很像的,主要包括下面这些: 1. 主语 subject (简写 S) 2.谓语 predicate 分为: intransitive verb (vi )/ transitive verb (vt) 3. 宾语 object (分为: direct object / indirect object ) (简写 O) 4. 宾补 object complement (简写 OC) 5. 状语 adverbial 6. 表语 predicative 7. 定语 attributive ## :No matter how long the sentence is, it consists of some of these components. 不管多长的句子,都是由这些成分当中的一些所构成的。 1、 主语 :可以作主语的成分有名词 (如boy),主格代词 (如you ),数词 (numeral), 动词不定式,动名词 ,从句等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词 不分家! eg: The boy comes from America. (名词作主语) He made a speech. (代词作主语) Two and two is four. (数词作主语) To be a teacher is my dream. (不定式作主语) Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.(动名词作主语) That he is admitted to a key university is known to us all. (从句作主语,也就是我 们说的主语从句 ) 中文里 “某人做某事 ”做主语时,常用以下句式: to do sth To be a teacher is my dream. doing sth Teaching is his job. That/when 从句 That he hopes to be a teacher is known to us all. Sb’s doing sth His being a teacher makes him proud. It …… for sb to do sth It is important for us to study English well. It is no use / good doing sth It is no use crying. It ……从句。 It is known to us that he wants to be a teacher. 2. 谓语:谓语由动词构成 ,是英语 时态、语态变化 的主角,一般在主语之 后。 1)谓语可以是不及物动词( vi. )没有宾语,这就形成 主谓结构 , We come. (vi) Many changes took place in my home town. (不及物动词短语 ) 注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如: take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如: come, go 等) 2 ) 谓语可以是及物动词( vt. )后面跟宾语,形成 主谓宾 / 主谓双宾结构 3. 宾语: 宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的 代词必须是 代词宾格‘ ’,如: me,him ,the

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