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英语五个基本句式及句子成分
(basic sentence patterns and different components )
前言:这份资料是老师非常认真整理出来的,请大家,特别是基础比较差的同
学一定要从头至尾认认真真看几遍,慢慢消化当中的知识点,对你们学好英语
一定会有很大的帮助的! !
So why not have a try?
一、 Different components: (各种成分)
英语的句子成分跟中文的句子成分很像的,主要包括下面这些:
1. 主语 subject (简写 S)
2.谓语 predicate 分为: intransitive verb (vi )/ transitive verb (vt)
3. 宾语 object (分为: direct object / indirect object ) (简写 O)
4. 宾补 object complement (简写 OC)
5. 状语 adverbial 6. 表语 predicative 7. 定语 attributive
## :No matter how long the sentence is, it consists of some of these components.
不管多长的句子,都是由这些成分当中的一些所构成的。
1、 主语 :可以作主语的成分有名词 (如boy),主格代词 (如you ),数词 (numeral),
动词不定式,动名词 ,从句等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词
不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America. (名词作主语)
He made a speech. (代词作主语)
Two and two is four. (数词作主语)
To be a teacher is my dream. (不定式作主语)
Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.(动名词作主语)
That he is admitted to a key university is known to us all. (从句作主语,也就是我
们说的主语从句 )
中文里 “某人做某事 ”做主语时,常用以下句式:
to do sth To be a teacher is my dream.
doing sth Teaching is his job.
That/when 从句 That he hopes to be a teacher is known to us all.
Sb’s doing sth His being a teacher makes him proud.
It …… for sb to do sth It is important for us to study English well.
It is no use / good doing sth It is no use crying.
It ……从句。 It is known to us that he wants to be a teacher.
2. 谓语:谓语由动词构成 ,是英语 时态、语态变化 的主角,一般在主语之
后。
1)谓语可以是不及物动词( vi. )没有宾语,这就形成 主谓结构 ,
We come. (vi) Many changes took place in my home town. (不及物动词短语 )
注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如: take place, appear, happen,
break out; 表来、去,如: come, go 等)
2 ) 谓语可以是及物动词( vt. )后面跟宾语,形成 主谓宾 / 主谓双宾结构
3. 宾语: 宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的
代词必须是 代词宾格‘ ’,如: me,him ,the
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