工程立项建议及其可行性研究.pptxVIP

王少华 武汉大学国际软件学院 空间信息与数字工程研究中心 huazimail@126.com;结构化分析设计过程;结构分析设计过程;本质上是功能分解，以实现功能的过程为中心，而用户的需求变化主要是针对功能的。这就使基于过程的设计不易被理解；且功能变化往往引起结构变化较大，稳定性不好。 系统有明确的边界定义，且系统结构依赖于系统边界的定义，这样的系统不易扩充和修改。 数据与操作分开处理，可能造成软构件对具体应用环境的依赖，可重用性(reusability)较差.;管理的范围;一、工程立项建议;问题定义;二、可行性研究;2.1可行性研究的任务;3.1.1 可行性研究的任务;2.2可行性研究的步骤;2.3导出新系统的高层逻辑模型;2.4重新定义问题;2.5导出和评价供选择的解法;2.5.1经济可行性;2.6成本/效益分析;2.6.1成本考虑的方面;2.6.2短期——长远利益分析;2.6.3成本估计-系统规模;2.6.3问题分解及过程分解 ;;软件规模的例子; ;参考书籍;功能点分析法;功能点分析法的步骤;功能点分析法;总计数值;;工作量估算;工作量估算;工作量估算;成本估算 ;成本估算;制定计划 ;成本/效益分析的方法;贷币的时间价值;; 投资回收期;技术可行性;社会环境 ;人;6、推荐行动方针;7、草拟开发计划;8、书写文档提交审查;3.Analysis Specification需求分析;Requirements Definition;Requirements Definition;需求分析的重要性;What is this Phase For?;the goal of the specification or system analysis phase;需求分析为什么困难 ;如何进行需求分析-应该了解什么 ;;Type of Requirements;Type of Requirements;Type of Requirements;Non-functional Requirements;Non-functional Requirements;Level of Requirements;Types of Requirements;Interfaces Is the input coming from one or more other systems? Is the output going to one or more other systems? Is there a prescribed way in which the data must be formatted? Is there a prescribed medium that the data must use? Users and Factors Who will use the system? Will there be several types of users? What is the skill level of each type of user? How easy will it be for a user to understand and use the system? How difficult will it be for a user to misuse误用 the system?;Functionality What will the system do? When will the system do it? Are there several modes of operation? How and when can the system be changed or enhanced? Are there constraints on execution speed, response time, or throughput? Documentation How much documentation is required? Should it be on-line, in book format, or both? To what audience is each type of documentation addressed?;;;;;Characteristics of Requirements;Problems of Software Requirements;Requirements Development;Requirements Management;Requirement Elicitation;Stakeholders;Requirements Analysis Techniques;Interviewin