骨学总论躯干骨及连接2014.pptxVIP

Locomotor System; 206 bones Skull (the bones of the head) The bones of the trunk The bones of limbs;classification of bones long bone short bone flat bone irregular bone Sesamoid bone;Shaft medullary cavity； End (epiphysis)， Metaphysis junction between shaft and epiphysis epiphysial cartilage , in young man epiphysial line;2 short bones are cuboid and are found only in the ankle and wrist. 3 flat bones are board and usually serve as protective functions 4 irregular bones have various shapes * Sesamoid bones are found in the tendons;structures of bones;骨质 Osseous substance;Periosteum; 骨髓Bone marrow; ;颈椎Cervical vertebrae 7 ??椎Thoracic vertebrae 12 腰椎Lumbar vertebrae 5 骶椎Sacrum 1（5） 尾椎Coccyx 1（3-4） ;Vertebral body: cylindrical mass ;2 Characteristics of different vertebrae;(2) Features of the cervical vertebrae(C3-C7);Atlas (C1)寰椎;Axis (C2) 枢椎;(3) lumbar vertebra ;Sacrum and coccyx;（二）胸骨 sternum;Rib(肋） curved and flat bones;肋头;Intercostal space;Joints of vertebral column;;Herniation of intervertebral disc Anulus, usually lumber, may bulge or rupture. The nucleus pulposus may herniate through the tear and compress a spinal nerve or spinal cord, causing low back and /or leg pain;前纵韧带;(3) Posterior longitudinal ligament is a narrower, weaker fibrous band than anterior longitudinal ligament. It runs along the back of vertebral bodies. It is narrower where it overlies the body and it widens out to cover the back of disc It helps to limit flexion of the vertebral column ;Joints of vertebral arches;黄韧带Ligamenta flava It goes from lamina the next one all the way done the spine. It is made of yellowish fibro-elastic tissue, so it means yellow ligament ;关节突关节 Zygapophysial joint is plane synovial joints between the articular process of adjacent vertebrae. It permits gliding movements between the vertebrae,. ;寰枢关节 Atlantoaxial joints two lateral joints and one median joint Rotating the head;Vertebral column;Curv