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1;How does the Immune System (IS) affect your life?;Big bugs have little bugsUpon their backs to bite ‘emLittle bugs have littler bugsAnd so on ad infinitum -Ogden Nash, I think;Dance of the Eons;One view of animal phylogeny;Biological Inventionof Acquired Immunity;Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity;Innate Immunity;Innate Immunity, con’t;Adaptive Immunity;To a given organism, other species can represent a source of energy and nutrition:
Food Chain- Large animals eat smaller animals (simplified)
Inverse Food Chain: Colonization - Small animals (or microbes and viruses) colonize larger animals that, in turn, provide an environment for replication
All living organisms have a form of immunity to defend against colonization: from bacteria to blue whales to giant sequoia, there are a myriad of mechanisms that have evolved to prevent colonization;Innate vs. Acquired Immunity;Components Principle Functions
Barriers
Epithelial layers Prevent entry
Defensins and Cryptidins Microbial killing
Circulating and Tissue Effector Cells
Neutrophils Early phagocytosis and killing of microbes
Mast Cells Release of inflammatory granules
Macrophages Efficient phagocytosis and killing of microbes: cytokines
Eosinophils Nasty toxic cells designed to kill helminths (worms)
NK cells Lysis of infected cells, activation of macrophages
Circulating Proteins
Complement (C’) Killing of microbes, opsonization of microbes, actvn leukocytes
Mannose-binding protein Opsonization of microbes and activation of C’
C-reactive protein Opsonization of microbes and activation of C’
Lysozyme Bacterial cell wall lysis
Cytokines
TNF, IL-1, 6, 18 Inflammation
IFN a, b Resistence to viral infection
IFN g Macrophage activation
IL-12 IFNg production by NK cells
IL-15 Proliferation of NK cells, memory T cells
IL-10, TGF b Control of Inflammation;Defensins (epithelium);;Figure 8.9;Figure 8.1;Salmonella infection with and without adaptive immunity;What is the basis for innate immunity, and how does is relate to verteb
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