中国铅污染的现状及防治措施课题论文.pdfVIP

中国铅污染的现状及防治措施课题论文 摘要 通过收集并分析大气、水体以及土壤环境铅污染的研究资料表 明，中国局部地区的铅污染已经得到了一定的改善，但总体环境铅污染仍 然非常普遍，尤其是土壤环境铅污染最为突出。相关学者根据铅的同位素 组成推断出了环境中铅的主要来源，认为燃煤、汽车尾气以及陶瓷、冶金 等工业用铅是造成中国大气、水体和土壤等环境铅污染的主要原因。笔者 针对铅的污染来源提出了相应的铅污染防治措施。而无铅汽油的推广使用 等铅污染防治策略已经在部分地区取得了良好的效果。建议有关政府部门 加强铅污染的防治措施，并敦促人们提高铅污染防护意识，防止中国铅污 染的持续扩大与恶化。 关键词 铅污染 现状 防治措施 Current status and prevention measure of lead pollution in China Huang Guanxing, Sun Jichao, Liu Jingtao, Chen Xi. (Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang Hebei 050061) Abstract: Collecting and analyzing the research data of lead pollution in atmosphere, water and soil revealed that lead pollution of part area in China had already improved in some degree, but lead pollution phenomenon of entire environment had been still very common, especially in soil environment. Correlative scholars concluded the main origins of lead by the lead isotopic composition. Deeming that coal ，tail gas of the automobile and lead for industrial using are the main reasons of lead pollution in atmosphere, water and soil. The 1 authors put forward corresponding prevention measures of lead pollution on the basis of origins of lead pollution. Prevention policy of lead pollution in part areas has already obtained good effect, such as generalizing the use of gasoline without lead. Advising relational government department to reinforce the prevention measures of lead pollution, and to urge citizen to improve lead pollution prevention consciousness, preventing sustaining spread and worsening of lead pollution in China. Keywords:lead pollution; current status; prevention measure 铅是自然界中分布很广的一种元素。据有关资料统计显示，全世界大约 有 40% 的铅用于制造蓄电池，20% 以烷基铅形式加入汽油作为防爆剂，12% 用于建筑材料，6%用于电缆外防护层，5%用于制造弹药，剩下 17%用于其 [1] [2] 他用途 。仅有约1/4 的铅被回收再利用 ，其余大部分以废气、废水、废