《维多利亚时期》ppt课件模板.pptVIP

Add the author and the accompanying title; Part VI The Victorian Age Critical Realism in England 1832-1902;此文档后面有赠送常用PPT图标，方便大家修订排版编辑;Queen Victoria;Victoria married her cousin Prince Albert of House of the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (萨克森-柯堡-哥达) in 1840. The royal couple had four sons and five daughters. Victoria was deeply attached to her husband. When he died at the age of 42 in 1861, she sank into depression. She had lost a devoted husband and her principle trusted adviser in affairs of state. 1819年生于伦敦,1837年继位成为英国女王。到19世纪末，维多利亚女王由于拥??许多欧洲皇室的皇亲国戚，被人称为“欧洲的祖母”。1897年英国为她在位60周年举行庆典，成为英国历史上统治时间最长的女王。由于这一时期英国迅速地向外扩张，建立了庞大的殖民地，因此被称为“日不落帝国”。1901年1月22日，维多利亚女王去世。 ;Brief History of England ;19世纪的文学;The Victorian Age: Background;During the period, science grew into the discipline as it is today. In 1859 Charles Darwin (1809-1882) published his On the Origin of Species (the theory of evolution). Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) researched finalized their system of ideas on political economy. Marx presented 3 vital economic theories on labor value, surplus value and capitalist accumulation process. The period of social and economic development was always disrupted by wars with other nations. The two Opium Wars erupted when the East India Company of Britain shipped tons of opium into Guangdong in China which was traded for Chinese manufactured goods and for tea.;The first Opium War (1839-1842) forced China to sign the Treaty of Nanjing on 29 August 1842. china ceded the island of Hong Kong to Britain, opened five ports－Canton 广州, Amoy 厦门, Foochow, Shanghai and Ningbo－to Western trade and residence, granted Britain most-favored nation status for trade, and paid nine million dollars in reparations 赔款 to the merchants whose 20000 chests of opium Lin Ze-xu had destroyed. In the second Opium War (1856-1860) the Britain forced China to accept the Convention of Peking signed on 18 Oct. 1860. The British set fire to the Summer Palace and Yuanmingyuan. The