参考营养第八节矿物质2015.pptxVIP

第八节 矿物质Minerals李 颖 教授营养与食品卫生学教研室E-mail:liying_helen@163.comOffice room: A417Objectives ※ 1. Features of minerals ※ 2.The cause of excess or deficiency of minerals 3. physiological functions in the body※ 4. absorption, metabolism and influencing factors（Ca、 Iron、 Zinc） ※ 5. deficiency and excess. （Ca、 Iron、 Zinc） 6. status assessment （Ca、 Iron、 Zinc） 7. food sources and dietary recommendations第八节 矿物质一、Overview92 elements in the earth crustElements and minerals All of the elements on earth, apart from the carbon-containing organic compounds made in living organisms, are known as “minerals”.Carbon、 hydrogen、 oxygen、 nitrogenminerals Classification 常量元素 0.01%body weight，(macroelements)： Ca、P、Na、K、Cl、Mg、S 微量元素＜0.01%body weight (trace elements)：第八节 矿物质有20余种元素被认为是构成人体组织、参与机体代谢、维持生理功能所必需可能必需微量元素功能未知元素潜在毒性 必需微量元素铁 铜 锌 硒 铬 碘 钴 钼锰 硅镍 硼 钒氟 铅 镉 汞 砷 铝 锡 锂锶 铷稀土元素等WHO 1996年第八节 矿物质（一）矿物质的特点 Features of minerals※1．Minerals are not changed during digestion or when the body uses them. Minerals are not destroyed by heat, light, or alkalinity.第八节 矿物质2. Minerals are the only nutrients obtained from either food or native water.3．There are synergistic and antagonistic interaction between mineral-mineral, mineral-other nutrient. CuCuFeFeZnZnZnFeCu第八节 矿物质4. Minerals unbalance distribution in body Calciumphosphorusiodineironcobalt第八节 矿物质 5. A narrow margin of safety between the physiological and toxic dose AI and UL values of minerals for Chinese adults钙镁铁（女）氟锰AI（mg）800350201.53.5UL（mg）2000700503.010比值2.52.02.52.03.0AI：适宜摄入量UL:可耐受最高摄入量第八节 矿物质 （二）The cause of excess or deficiency※ 1．Composition of the earth crustMinerals distribute unevenly in the earth·s crust. The mineral content of food or water can vary dramatically depending on the minerals in the soil. 营养生物地球化学病因学说 Nutrient biogeochemical cause theory克山病病例的分布图地壳硒含量的分布图1960年代恩施发现人畜原因不明脱发掉甲病1965年送检的“有毒玉米”Se含量为一般地区1000倍。从而证实人畜脱发掉甲是硒中毒所致。同时也发现了恩施地区是世界上硒含量最高地区comparison of Selenium excess before versus after人体硒中毒