2021年新托福真题阅读翻译及词汇整理.docxVIP

2021年新托福真题阅读翻译及词汇整理 2021年新托福真题阅读翻译及词汇整理 PAGE / NUMPAGES 2021年新托福真题阅读翻译及词汇整理 智课网TOEFL备考资料 新托福真题TPO27阅读翻译及词汇整顿 摘要： 新托福真题TPO27阅读翻译及词汇整顿，下面是小马过河为同窗们收集整顿新托福真题TPO27阅读翻译及词汇整顿有关信息，小马小编整顿过来，供同窗们参照。  Crafts in the Ancient near East古代近东手工艺  本文为最新 托福 真题TPO第27套阅读第一篇，文章反映了托福“古代社会文明”类型阅读特点，阅读中学科词汇很典型，对咱们准备托福阅读有很重要参照意义，备战托福同窗不可错过。  学科词汇总结words  craft手工艺  urban都市  civilization 文明  settlement定居点  agriculture农业  pottery实用陶器  textile纺织品  mold模具  carve雕刻  relief浮雕  clay粘土  utilitarian实用  elaborate精心制作  refined精制  文章翻译translation  一、人类历史上第一种都市乌鲁克兴起。  Some of the earliest human civilizations arose in southern Mesopotamia，in what is nowsouthern Iraq，in the fourth millennium B.C.E. In the second half of that millennium，in thesouth around the city of Uruk，there was an enormous escalation in the area occupied bypermanent settlements. A large part of that increase took place in Uruk itself，which became areal urban center surrounded by a set of secondary settlements. While population estimatesare notoriously unreliable，scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to supportthemselves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city，which could bereached with a daily commute. But Uruk’s dominant size in the entire region，far surpassingthat of other settlements，indicates that it was a regional center and a true city. Indeed，it wasthe first city in human history.某些人类最早文明崛起于公元前四千年米索达比亚南部(如今伊拉克南部)。在公元前四千年后半期，在乌鲁克城南部附近被永久定居点占据区域急剧增长，大某些增长都发生在乌鲁克城内，使其成为了一种真正都市中心并被某些次要定居点包围着。虽然众所周知人口预计数是不可靠，学者们以为乌鲁克居民每天来回都市和都市周边田地,可以通过周边田地农业生产来养活自己。但是乌鲁克在整个区域拥有压倒性面积优势，远远超过了其她定居点，这阐明它是这个地区中心，是一种真正都市。事实上，它是人类历史上第一种都市。  二、乌鲁克中专门从事非农业工作人及其考古证据  The vast majority of its population remained active in agriculture，even those people livingwithin the city itself. But a small segment of the urban society started to specialize innona