[硕士]河谷地形下多跨简支梁桥的落梁破坏研究.pdf

摘 要 研究简支梁桥落梁破坏的原因和方法有许多，目前关于中小型结构桥梁的地震反 应研究大多采用一致输入，并且不考虑土-桥梁结构的相互作用。本文利用大型有限 元分析软件 Abaqus ，研究了位于河谷地形下的多跨简支结构桥梁的动力响应和落梁 破坏规律。考虑到桥梁模型跨度为几十米，总长为 100 米左右，可以忽略行波效应的 影响，但文中考虑了土-桥梁结构相互作用。本文的主要工作内容如下： （1）以都江堰高原大桥的模型为例，在 El-Centro 波、宁河波和汶川地震绵竹清 平波输入下，分析了河谷地形下多跨简支梁桥的动力响应。 （2 ）结合实际震后现象对高原大桥的落梁破坏进行模拟分析，从一个新的角度 解释了落梁的原因：认为地震过程中高原侧桥台后土体先发生破坏，在失去土体的支 撑作用下桥台背墙在与邻梁的碰撞中被撞碎并被顶入土体中，从而引起墩台处的墩 （台）梁位移增大，并最终导致落梁破坏的发生。 （3 ）分析了土体剪切波速、支座摩擦系数、梁高等不同的参数对多跨简支梁桥 落梁破坏的影响程度，结果表明：固定支座摩擦系数、墩的刚度以及土体剪切波速对 简支梁桥落梁破坏的影响很大；而梁的高度，墩、梁的弹性模量对简支梁桥落梁破坏 的影响很小。 关键词：落梁破坏；一致输入；河谷地形；行波效应 I Abstract Many reasons and methods account for girders falling down in simply supported bridges. While uniform excitation is much easier to use especially in the analysis of short-span bridges without regard to soil-bridge interaction. In this paper, dynamic re- sponses and seismic damage of girders falling down in multi-span simply supported bridg- es under canyon topography are studied with finite element analysis software Abaqus.The to- tal length of the bridge in this paper is 100 meters, therefore traveling wave effect can be neglected. Soil-bridge interaction is considered. Principal work is done following: (1) Taking Gaoyuan Bridge as an example, dynamic responses of multi-span simply supported bridge under canyon topography are studied with seismic wave input of El-Centro, Ninghe and Qingping . (2) Unseating of Gaoyuan Bridge girders is studied based on the unseating phenome- non during Wenchuan earthquake. This paper explains girders falling down from a new perspective that the soil behind Gaoyuan abutment is seriously damaged during earthquake. Without the support of soil, the abutment breast wall is sundered during the pounding and