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Game Theory: Lecture 9 Transcript
Overview:
We continue our discussion of mixed strategies. First we discuss the payoff to a mixed strategy, pointing out that it must be a weighed average of the payoffs to the pure strategies used in the mix. We note a consequence of this: if a mixed strategy is a best response, then all the pure strategies in the mix must themselves be best responses and hence indifferent. We use this idea to find mixed-strategy Nash equilibria in a game within a game of tennis.
October 3, 2007 back
Professor Ben Polak: So last time we saw this, we saw an example of a mixed strategy which was to play 1/3, 1/3, 1/3 in our rock, paper, scissors game. Today, were going to be formal, were going to define mixed strategies and were going to talk about them, and its going to take a while. So lets start with a formal definition: a mixed strategy (and Ill develop notation as Im going along, so let me call it P , i being the person whos
i
playing it) P is a randomization over is pure strategies. So in
i
particular, were going to use the notation P (si) to be the probability
i
that Player i plays si given that hes mixing using P. So P(si) is the
probability that P
i
i i
assigns to the pure strategy si.
Lets immediately refer that back to our example. So for example, if Im
playing 1/3, 1/3, 1/3 in rock, paper, scissors then P is 1/3, 1/3, 1/3
i
and P of rock--so P(R)--is a 1/3. So without belaboring it, thats all
i i
Im doing here, is developing some notation. Lets immediately encounter
two things you might have questions about. So the first is, that in principle P (si) could be zero. Just because Im playing a mixed strategy,
i
it doesnt mean I have to involve all of my strategies. I could be playing
a mixed strategy on two of my strategies and leave the other one with zero probability. So, for example, again in rock, paper, scissors, we could think of the strategy 1/2, 1/2, 0. In this strategy I assign--I play rock half the time, I play paper half the time,
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