语用学导论课件.ppt

语用学导论 Pragmatics: An Introduction Warm-up What do you know about pragmatics (“pragma-”, a Latin root, means “act” or “action”) as a branch of linguistic study? Origin of “pragmatics” Morris/Davis: the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and the users of those forms [C. Morris, 1938, Foundations of the Theory of Signs, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.] Compare: syntax: the study of the relationships between linguistic forms, how they are arranged in sequence and which sequences are well-formed; semantics: the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and entities in the world, how words literally connect to things. What is pragmatics? G. Yule (pp.3-4): --the study of speaker meaning [what people mean by what they say, the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader)] --the study of contextual meaning [how context determines meaning and shapes the way meaning is conveyed] 2010年10月16日晚，一辆黑色轿车在河北大学校区内撞倒两名女生一死一伤，司机不但没有停车，反而继续去校内宿舍楼接女友。返回途中被学生和保安拦下，该肇事者不但没有关心伤者，甚至态度冷漠嚣张，高喊“有本事你们告去，我爸是李刚!” ?? 后经证实了解，该男子名为李启铭父亲李刚是保定市某公安分局副局长。此事一出迅速成为网友和媒体热议的焦点，“我爸是李刚”语句也迅速成为网络最火的流行语。 ASK: How is semanticists’ study of meaning different from pragmaticians’ study of meaning? Syntax, semantics and pragmatics (1) i’m lovin’ it. (2) Know yourself. (3) John is a machine. (4) Colorless green ideas sleep furiously. (5) Golf plays John. (6) Boys are boys. (7) The child looks like his father./The father looks like his son. ‘pragmatics’ as a waste basket/rag-bag? Status of pragmatics: Pragmatics/semantics/sociolinguistics? branch or perspective? Continental School vs. Anglo-American School Jacob Mey, Jef Verschueren, etc. G. Leech, Stephen Levinson, Jenny Thomas, Georgia Green, Peter Grundy, etc. Verschueren: a functional (i.e. social, cultural, cognitive) perspective on language and communication (see Pragmatics) Levinson(1983) used 30 pages in Pragmatics (1983:5-35) to defin