工学Lesson专业英语.pptVIP

工学Lesson专业英语 * Contents 无机化合物命名 Inorganic Chemical Nomenclature Unit 3逐步聚合反应 Step -Growth Polymerization * 无机化合物命名 （Inorganic Chemical Nomenclature） 1、元素命名（元素周期表）(Periodical Table) * A doubly charged molecule containing two atoms of sulfur, each atom having the atomic number 16 and mass number 32 * Names and Symbols(符号) for Some Chemical Elements * * For the naming of compounds of metals (oxides, hydroxides and salts) in which the metal may exhibit more than one oxidation state: The oxidation state of the metal is shown by a Roman numeral in pa’rentheses immediately following the English name of the metal which corresponds to its oxidation number. ? No numeral is used if the metal has only one common oxidation number e.g. NaCl: sodium chloride; Al(OH)3: aluminum hydroxide FeBr2: iron (II) bromide; Cr2(SO4)3: chromium (III) sulfate * 如果不用罗马数字表明其价态，也可用离子的名称表示 e.g. FeCl2 : ferrous chloride (iron (II) chloride) FeCl3: ferric chloride (iron (III) chloride) * Some Common Ions（共离子） (Cation) * Some Common Ions (Anion) * Naming nonmetal oxides Using the Greek prefixes for both the number of oxygen atom and that of the other element in the compounds The prefix used are: (1) mono- (mon-); (2) di-; (3) tri-; (4) tetra-; (5) penta-; (6) hexa-; (7) hepta; (8) octa-; (9) nona-; (10)deca-. Generally the letter “a” is omitted from the prefix (from ‘tetra’ on) when naming a nonmetal oxide and often “mono-” is omitted from the name altogether * Name of some nonmetal oxides * * * Acid salt (Acid containing acid hydrogen) Names are formed by adding the word “hydrogen”, with numerical prefix when necessary, to denote the replaceable hydrogen in the salt. Hydrogen should be followed without space by the name of the anion Anion: 阴离子；Cation: 阳离子 e.g. NaHCO3 : sodium hydrogencarbonate (sodium bicarbonate); LiH2PO4 : lithium dihydorgenphosphate; Na2HPO4 : Disodium hydrogenphosphate * Exercises H2S; HNO3; Ca(OH)2; NaH2PO4; Potassium acetate; Trisodium phosp