免疫学-黏膜免疫 (1).pptxVIP

黏膜免疫Mucosal Immune;黏膜免疫系统与免疫应答 黏膜免疫系统中的固有免疫应答 黏膜免疫系统中的适应性免疫应答 黏膜免疫中的免疫耐受和免疫调节 粘膜免疫与疾病 ;The mucosal immune system. The tissues of the mucosal immune system are the lymphoid organs associated with the intestine, respiratory tract, and urogenital tract, as well as the oral cavity and pharynx and the glands associated with these tissues, such as the salivary glands and lachrymal glands. The lactating breast is also part of the mucosal immune system.;一、黏膜免疫系统的结构特点 二、黏膜免疫系统的应答特点 ;黏膜免疫系统的结构特点;小肠黏膜免疫系统的各种细胞成分和器官化的淋巴组织 ;粘膜免疫系统的特点;一、组成肠相关淋巴组织的固有免疫细胞 二、肠道粘膜相关的固有免疫应答 三、上皮内淋巴细胞杀伤入侵病毒和修复损伤组织;; 粘膜淋巴细胞及其与上皮细胞相互作用的分子机制 图中所示粘膜淋巴细胞主要指位于粘膜上皮细胞间和上皮细胞基底层一侧的T 淋巴细胞，包括固有类T 淋巴细胞和NK细胞。此类细胞不仅分布 部位特殊，而且功能发挥皆受控于上皮细胞表面各类MHC分子与其受体分子间的相互作用。有意义的是，除了经典的MHC I 类和II 类分子，上 皮细胞还表达范围广泛的各种非经典MHC分子，包括TL、HLA-E、MIC-A/-B、MR1和进化上与之高度同源的CD1d 分子，激活多种粘膜淋巴细胞。;肠道上皮细胞的免疫屏障功能 肠道上皮细胞分泌的粘液防止微生物接近上皮细胞 肠道上皮细胞产生的防御素和细胞因子具有抗菌活性 肠道上皮细胞表达的TLR和NLR显示双重免疫功能 固有层中的DC和巨噬细胞具有炎症反应抑制作用和免 疫调节作用;;小肠黏膜中固有免疫应答的调控机制 小肠上皮细胞及固有层中DC上PRR的表达和功能可降低针对肠腔共生微生物的炎症反应。上端：能识别细菌鞭毛的PRR仅作为NLR表达于胞质中和作为TLR表达于小肠上皮细胞基底膜一侧，因而PRR对共生微生物的炎症反应只有当微生物进入或穿越上皮细胞后才能产生。右下端：识别LPS的TLR4在小肠上皮细胞及固有层DC上的表达皆下调。而且固有层DC中TLR信号并不诱导炎症基因的表??，因为其中能下调TLR信号转导的胞内调节蛋白可优势表达。;Epithelial cells have a crucial role in innate defense against pathogens. TLRs are present in intracellular vesicles or on the basolateral or apical surfaces of epithelial cells, where they recognize different components of invading bacteria. NOD1 and NOD2 pattern-recognition receptors are found in the cytoplasm and recognize cellwall peptides from bacteria. Both TLRs and NODs activate the NF?B pathway leading to the generation of pro-inflammatory responses by epithelial cells. These include the production of chemokines such as CXCL8, CXCL 1 (GROa), CCL 1, and CCL2, which attract neutrophils and macrophages, and CCL20 and -defensin, which attract immature dendritic cells in addition to possessing antimicrobial properties. The cytokines IL-1 and IL-6 are also produced a