免疫学-黏膜免疫.pptxVIP

黏膜免疫Mucosal Immune黏膜免疫系统与免疫应答黏膜免疫系统中的固有免疫应答黏膜免疫系统中的适应性免疫应答黏膜免疫中的免疫耐受和免疫调节粘膜免疫与疾病 直接接触病原体的解剖部位并能够分泌粘液的上皮细胞所覆盖，构成粘膜免疫系统（mucosal immune system）。包括启动和行使免疫应答的粘膜下固有层中各种散在的免疫细胞和一些器官化的淋巴组织，还包括与此相关的多种内分泌腺体：胰腺、眼结膜和泪腺、唾液腺以及乳腺。因而黏膜免疫系统亦称黏膜相关淋巴组织（mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, MALT）。The mucosal immune system. The tissues of the mucosal immune system are the lymphoid organs associated with the intestine, respiratory tract, and urogenital tract, as well as the oral cavity and pharynx and the glands associated with these tissues, such as the salivary glands and lachrymal glands. The lactating breast is also part of the mucosal immune system.黏膜免疫系统与免疫应答一、黏膜免疫系统的结构特点二、黏膜免疫系统的应答特点黏膜免疫系统的结构特点Cross-sectional diagram of the mucous membrane lining the intestine showing a nodule of lymphoid follicles that constitutes a Peyer’s patch in the submucosa. The intestinal lamina propria contains loose clusters of lymphoid cells and diffuse follicles.绒毛共生菌肠腔 上皮内淋巴细胞 (IEL)派氏集合淋巴结M细胞杯状细胞小肠上皮细胞IgA粘液DC粘膜上皮输出淋巴管隐窝分立的 淋巴滤泡 B细胞固有层浆细胞T细胞抗菌肽滤泡肥大细胞T细胞巨噬细胞肠腺嗜酸细胞DC肠系膜肠系膜淋巴结小肠黏膜免疫系统的各种细胞成分和器官化的淋巴组织 解剖特征 －粘膜上皮和淋巴组织间因相互作用而联系紧密。 －由散在的淋巴组织和器官化的结构（如派氏集合淋巴结、 分立的淋巴滤泡和扁桃体）共同组成。 －启用特化的抗原摄取机制，如出现派氏集合淋巴结和M细胞。 效应机制 －在无感染发生的情况下拥有大量活化的T细胞和记忆细胞。 －存在非特异性激活的“天然”效应性T细胞和记忆性T细胞。 －大量启用分泌型IgA抗体。 －涉及各种共生微生物菌丛。 免疫调节 －可主动下调针对食物和其它共生性抗原的强势免疫应答。 －可激活抑制性巨噬细胞及诱导耐受的树突状细胞。粘膜免疫系统的特点黏膜免疫中的固有免疫应答一、组成肠相关淋巴组织的固有免疫细胞二、肠道粘膜相关的固有免疫应答 三、上皮内淋巴细胞杀伤入侵病毒和修复损伤组织组成肠相关淋巴组织的固有免疫细胞The lamina propria and epithelium of the intestinal mucosa are discrete lymphoid compartments. The lamina propria contains a heterogeneous mixture of lgA-producing plasma cells, lymphocytes with a memory phenotype , conventional CD4 and CD8 effector T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells. T cells in the lamina propria of the small intestine express the integrin ?4:?7 and the chemokine receptor CCR9, which attracts them into the tissue from the bloodstream. lntraepithelial lymphocytes express CCR9 and the integrin ?E:?7, which binds to E-cadherin on ep