《赵氏孤儿》与《中国孤儿》的美学比较.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 21 《赵氏孤儿》与《中国孤儿》的美学比较 摘要：中国元代纪君祥的《赵氏孤儿》传播到到欧洲后大受欢迎，法国启蒙作家伏尔泰据此创作了《中国孤儿》，本文将从比较文学角度，对这两部悲剧进行美学比较。在道德理想方面，纪本体现儒家仁爱，伏本宣扬理性精神；在悲剧结构及美学意义方面，纪本用线性结构表达惩恶扬善的道德观念，伏本用网状结构表达文明征服野蛮的主旨，并且增添了纪本没有的恋爱情节；在人物审美效果上，除了将几位主要的男性角色进行比较外，还将着重分析伊达美这一的新增女性角色。通过以上的美学比较，阐明两部剧作体现的不同审美理想及产生差异的原因，并探讨伏尔泰本人的道德追求及其对中国文化和中国精神的理解与接受。 关键词：《赵氏孤儿》 《中国孤儿》 伏尔泰美学比较 Aesthetic Comparison between The Orphan of Zhao and The Orphan of China Abstract: Ji Junxiang was a Chinese famous playwright who wrote The Orphan of Zhao that spread to Europe and was very popular. Then Voltaire ,who is one of the leaders of Enlightenment wrote The Orphan of China .This paper will compare these two tragedies from the perspective of comparative literature .As we can see, in the aspect of morality,Ji’s tragedy want to reflect the Confucian benevolence, however, Voltaire’s is to promote the rational spirit; as to the structure and aesthetic significance of the two works, Ji’s discipline want to emphasize one moral notion that good will overbear evil with a linear structure, however, Voltaire is to prove that civiliza- tion will overbear rudeness, and adds a new love plot;as to the aesthetic effect on the characters, in addition to several of the main male characters are compared, but also focuses on the new female role—Yi Damei. Through the above aesthetics comparison ,to clarify the different aesthetic ideals the reason why these differences produced.In order to explore the pursuit of Voltaires own ethics and the understandings and acceptances of Chinese culture and spirits. Keywords: The Orphan of Zhao; The Orphan of China; Voltaire; aesthetic comparison 序言 孤儿赵武遭迫害并被救的故事是发生于中国春秋时期的一个历史事件。在中国元朝时期，戏剧作家纪君祥以这一故事为蓝本，创作了《赵氏孤儿大报仇》（以下简称《赵氏孤儿》）杂剧，并取得很大成功。现如今，历史的发生虽然与我们已经相距甚远，但是悲剧本身却并未随着时间的流逝而稍显褪色，无怪乎著名的国学大师王国维也曾对其赞不绝口，在其著作《宋元戏曲史》一书中更是将《赵氏孤儿》与《窦娥冤》列为同等高度，称赞这两部优秀的戏剧作品：“剧中虽有恶人交构其间，而其蹈汤赴火者，仍出于其主人翁之意志，即列之于世界大悲剧中，亦无愧色也”，字字珠玑，确为的评。 1755年，因为阅读由神父马若瑟翻译的《赵氏孤儿》的法译本后深受启发，法国著名作家伏尔泰结合自身经历，有感于当时法国乃至整个欧洲社会的黑暗堕落，创作了名为《中国孤儿》的戏剧作品，该剧在法兰西剧院演出之