托福TPO24阅读真题及答案.docxVIP

托福TPO24阅读真题及答案 托福TPO24阅读真题及答案 PAGE / NUMPAGESPAGE 托福TPO24阅读真题及答案 以下，是此次全球托福为正在进行托福备考的考友们整理了托福TPO24阅读真题及答案LakeBreathingDuringSleep。我们建议考友们，先做真题，后看答案进行考证自己的正 确率。以后，全球托福还会进一步推出托福  TPO24阅读真题的做题思路解说剖析，  做完真题 后，更便于提升托福阅读能力。 托福TPO24阅读真题 BreathingDuringSleep BreathingDuringSleep Ofall the physiological differences inhumansleep comparedwith wakefulness that havebeendiscoveredinthelastdecade,changesinrespiratorycontrolaremost dramatic. Not only arethere differences in the level of the functioning of respiratory systems, there are evenchanges inhowthey function. Movementsof the ribcageforbreathingarereducedduringsleep,makingthecontractionsofthe diaphragmmoreimportant.Yetbecauseofthephysicsoflyingdown,thestomach applies weight against the diaphragm andmakesit moredifficult for the diaphragm todoitsjob.However,therearemanyotherchangesthataffectrespirationwhen asleep. Duringwakefulness,breathingiscontrolledbytwointeractingsystems.Thefirst isanautomatic,metabolicsystemwhosecontroliscenteredinthebrainstem.It subconsciously adjustsbreathing rate anddepth in order to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2)andoxygen(O2), andthe acid-base ratio inthe blood. Thesecond systemisthevoluntary,behavioralsystem.Itscontrolcenterisbasedinthe forebrain,anditregulatesbreathingforuseinspeech,singing,sighing,andso on.Itiscapableofignoringoroverridingtheautomatic,metabolicsystemand producesanirregularpatternofbreathing. DuringNREM(thephaseofsleepinwhichthereisnorapideyemovement)breathing becomesdeeper andmoreregular, but there is also adecrease in the breathing rate, resulting inlessairbeingexchanged overall. This occurs becauseduring NREMsleep theautomatic,metabolicsystemhasexclusivecontroloverbreathingandthebody usesless oxygenandproduces lesscarbon dioxide. Also, during sleep the automatic metabolicsystemislessresponsivetocarbondioxidelevelsandoxygenlevelsin theblood.Twothingsresultfromthesechangesinbreathingcontrolthatoccur during sleep.First, theremaybeabriefcessationorreduction ofbreathi