材料科学与工程.ppt

第二章 物质结构基础  (Structure of Matter);固体中的原子有序 (Perfections in Solids) 固体中的原子无序 (Imperfections in Solids) 固体中的转变 (Transformations in Solids) 固体物质的表面结构 (Surface Structures of Solid Materials);金属材料的结构和组成 Composition and Structure of Metallic Materials;整理课件;整理课件;Materials property;Mechanical property of materials Stress and strain Elastic deformation Modulus Viscoelasticity Permanent deformation Strength Fracture;第四章 内容;4－1 固体材料的机械性能;Mechanical states of materials;弹性模量随温度升高而降低？;某些金属合金 A 呈非晶态合金， B 具有很高的硬度和强度， C 延伸率很低而并不脆。 D 温度升高到玻璃化转变温度以上，粘度明显降低，发生晶化而失去非晶态结构。;2. 无机非金属(nonmetals)的力学状态;高模量;3. 聚合物的力学状态 (Polymer);整理课件;（2） 结晶聚合物的力学状态;T m 、 T f; 玻璃化温度(Tg)是非晶态塑料使用的上限温度 是橡胶使用的下限温度 熔点(Tm)是结晶聚合物使用的上限温度 ;(stress and strain);应力和应变(stress and strain);2. 材料的应变方式;F垂直于截面、大小相等、方向相反并作用于同一直线上 ;A standard tensile specimen;Sometimes it is more meaningful to use a true stress–true strain scheme. True stress T is defined as the load F divided by the instantaneous cross-sectional area Ai over which deformation is occurring (i.e., the neck, past the tensile point), or (7.15) Furthermore, it is occasionally more convenient to represent strain as true strain T, defined by (7.16) If no volume change occurs during deformation, that is, if Ai li = A0l0 (7.17) true and engineering stress and strain are related according to (7.18a) (7.18b) Equations 7.18a and 7.18b are valid only to the onset of necking; beyond this point true stress and strain should be computed from actual load, cross-sectional area, and gauge length measurements. ;工程应力?： ? =F / A 0;整理课件;F与截面平行、大小相等，方向相反且不在同一直线上的两个力 ;压缩应变 ? V：;实心 W=?.d 0 3/16 空心 W=?.d 0 3（1- d 1 4 /d 0 4）/16 ;;曲线（F—?l）转换为应力—应变曲线 （? — ?）;弹性-均匀塑性型;(1)???纯弹性型 A 陶瓷