脊柱解剖结构图解.ppt

大家好！; 脊 柱; The vertebral column脊柱 consists of 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx. ;一、Vertebrae 椎骨 There are 33 vertebrae in children, arranged as follows: Cervical vertebrae 颈椎 C.7 Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 T.12 Lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 L.5 Sacral vertebrae 骶椎 S.5 sacrum 骶骨 Coccygeal vertebrae 尾椎 Co.3~4 coccyx尾骨;General features of vertebrae;Regional variations of vertebrae;Atypical vertebeae;Axis枢椎 (C2): distinguished by dens齿突 which articulates with dental fovea of anterior arch of atlas ;Carotid tubercle: 颈动脉结节: anterior tubercle of transverse process of C6 Vertebra prominens 隆椎(C7):contains long and non-bifid spinous process, it is visible with neck flexed, used as clinical landmark in counting cervical and thoracic spinous processes;Thoracic vertebrae ;Lumbar vertebrae ;Sacrum ;二、Articulations of Vertebrae 椎骨的连结;1.Joints of the vertebral bodies 椎体间的连结;Anterior longitudinal ligament 前纵韧带;Hernia of nucleus pulpous 髓核脱出; 2.Joints of the vertebral arches 椎弓间的连结;三、Atlantooccipital joint 寰枕关节;四、Atlantoaxial joint 寰枢关节;Supported by ligaments apical ligament of dens 齿突尖韧带 alar ligament 翼状韧带 transverse ligament of atlas寰椎横韧带 tectorial membrane 覆膜 Action ― allow atlas (and head) to pivot on the axis and vertebral column;五、Normal Curves of vertebral column;22;六、Movement of the vertebral column flexion extension lateral flexion rotation circumduction;Spina bifida cystica