Krashen的输入理论 英文版.pptxVIP

Acquisition: some theoriesMade by WandyStephen KrashenWhen do you know about Krashen?Krashen’s Input TheoriesThe principal tenets of the theory, i.e. an amalgam of five hypotheses.1, The acquisition/learning hypothesis2, The natural order hypothesis3, The monitor hypothesis4, The input hypothesis5, The affective filter hypothesis1, The acquisition-learning hypothesis AcquisitionUnconscious process, picking up knowledge or skillsThrough understanding language and using language Produce practical competence Effects are lastingLearning Conscious process Formal teaching is necessary, Produce mental-knowledge Information is easily lost if don’t follow up with execises.学习（learning） 指学习者有意识地接受某种语言的正规教学，以获得所学语言的语言知识、语言技能和言语交际技能，从而能够掌握并运用这种语言的活动。习得（acquisition） 指在自然状态下从周围环境中学习获得某种能力。人的许多能力都是自然习得的。 “语言习得”就是指在自然的语言环境中，通过旨在沟通意义的言语交际活动，不知不觉（潜意识）地获得一种语言。 儿童习得第一语言是语言习得的典型例子。2, The natural order hypothesis The acquisition of grammatical structures proceeds in a predictable order. Certain grammatical structures or morphems are acquired before others in first language acquisition of English, and a similar natural order is found in second language acquisition.3, The monitor hypothesis 1, The mordification of speech patterns, particularly in situations where there is form-focus, is known as monitoring. 2, Conscious learning can function only as a monitor or editor and play a restricted role in monitoring production, inspecting and sometimes altering output generated by the acquired system. Krashen’s own illustration of his monitor hypothesis. (a creative construction process)Learning (the monitor)acquisitionoutput监控假设图示Learnt knowledgemonitoringAcquired knowledgeoutputIn more formal situations, we may ‘put on an accent’or be particularly careful about our grammar and choice of words in some occasions where we feel ‘on show’. Learning plays its role in monitoring our production.In informal situations, the more standard way of speaking may involuntarily disappear. The learning fail