导数公式的证明版.docxVIP

导数的定义：f(x)=lim Ay/ Ax Ax—O (下面就不再标明△ xf0 了) 用定义求导数公式 (1) f(x)=xAn 证法一：(n为自然数) f(x) =lim [(x+ Ax)An-xAn]/ Ax =lim (x+ Ax-x)[(x+ Ax)A(n-1)+x*(x+ Ax)A(n-2)+...+xA(n-2)*(x+ A x)+xA(n-1)]/ Ax =lim [(x+ Ax)A(n-1)+x*(x+ Ax)A(n-2)+... +xA(n-2)*(x+ A x)+xA(n-1)] =xA(n-1)+x*xA(n-2)+xA2*xA(n-3)+ ...xA(n-2)*x+xA(n-1) =nxA(n-1) 证法二：(n为任意实数) f(x)=xAn lnf(x)=nlnx =lim (cos(x+ Ax)-cosx)/ Ax =lim (cos(x+ Ax)-cosx)/ Ax (lnf(x))=(nlnx) f(x)/f(x)=n/x f(x)=n/x*f(x) f(x)=n/x*xAn f(x)=nxA(n-1) ( 2 ) f(x)=sinx f(x) =lim (sin(x+ Ax)-sinx)/ Ax =lim (sinxcos Ax+cosxsin Ax-sinx)/ Ax =lim (sinx+cosxsin Ax-sinx)/ Ax =lim cosxsin Ax/ Ax =cosx ( 3 ) f(x)=cosx f(x) =lim (cosxcos Ax-sinxsin Ax-cosx)/ Ax =lim (cosxcos Ax-sinxsin Ax-cosx)/ Ax =lim aAx*lna/ln[(m+1)A(1/m)] =lim aAx*lna/ln[(m+1)A(1/m)] =lim (cosx-sinxsin Ax-cos)/ Ax =lim -sinxsin Ax/ Ax =-sinx f(x)=aAx 证法一： f(x) =lim (aA(x+ Ax)-aAx)/ Ax =lim aAx*(aA Ax-1)/ Ax (设 aA Ax-1=m ,贝U Ax=logaA(m+1)) =lim aAx*m/logaA(m+1) =lim aAx*m/[ln(m+1)/lna] =lim aAx*lna*m/ln(m+1) =lim aAx*lna/[(1/m)*ln(m+1)] =lim loga =lim logaA(1+ Ax/x)/ Ax x+sinxsinxsin Ax)/( Axcosxcos(x+ Ax)) x+sinxsinxsin Ax)/( Axcosxcos(x+ Ax)) =lim a =lim aAx*lna/lne =aAx*lna 证法二： f(x)=aAx lnf(x)=xlna [lnf(x)] -[xlna] f (x)/f(x)=lna f (x)=f(x)lna f (x)=aAxlna 若a=e ,原函数f(x)=eAx 则 f(x)=eAx*lne=eAx f(x)=logaAx f(x) =lim (logaA(x+ Ax)-logaAx)/ Ax =lim logaA[(x+ Ax)/x]/ Ax =lim ln(1+ Ax/x)/(lna* Ax) =lim x*ln(1+ Ax/x)/(x*lna* Ax) =lim (x/ Ax)*ln(1+ Ax/x)/(x*lna) =lim ln[(1+ Ax/x)A(x/ Ax)]/(x*lna) =lim lne/(x*lna) =1/(x*lna) 若 a=e ，原函数 f(x)=logeAx=lnx 则 f(x)=1/(x*lne)=1/x ( 6 ) f(x)=tanx f(x) =lim (tan(x+ Ax)-tanx)/ Ax =lim (sin(x+ Ax)/cos(x+ Ax)-sinx/cosx)/ Ax =lim (sin(x+ Ax)cosx-sinxcos(x+ Ax)/( Axcosxcos(x+ Ax)) =lim (sinxcos Axcosx+sin Axcosxcosx-sinxcosxcos △ =lim sin Ax/( Axcosxcos(x+ Ax)) =lim sin Ax/( Axcosxcos(x+ Ax)) =lim (cosx-cos(x+ Ax)/( Axcosxcos Ax) =lim (cosx-cos(x+ Ax)/( Axcosxcos Ax) =1/(cosx)八2=secx/cosx=(secx)八2=1+(tanx)八2 ( 7 ) f(x)=cotx f(x) =lim (cot(x+ Ax)-cotx)/ Ax