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Eur Respir J 2013; 41: 1401 1408 DOI: 10.118300062512 CopyrightERS 2013 Confocal laser endomicroscopy for diagnosing lung cancer in vivo Florian S. Fuchs*,, Sabine Zirlik*,, Kai Hildner*, Juergen Schubert#, Michael Vieth# and Markus F. Neurath* ABSTRACT: Confocal laser endomicroscopy is a novel endoscopic technique that may allow AFFILIATIONS imaging of living cells in lung tissue in vivo. We assessed the potential of this technique for the *Dept of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, detection of histology during screening bronchoscopy for lung cancer. # Institute of Pathology, Klinikum 32 patients with ed malign es underwent bronchoscopy with endomicroscopy using Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany. acriflavine hydrochloride. Standardised areas and localised lesions were analysed by in vivo Both authors contributed equally. confocal imaging during bronchoscopy and biopsies were taken. Confocal images were graded CORRESPONDENCE and correlated prospectively with conventional histology from biopsies. F.S. Fuchs Acriflavine hydrochloride yielded high-quality confocal images and strongly labelled airway Division of Respiratory Medicine, epithelial cells. No side-effects were noted. 75 522 confocal image