英语语法——名词性从句精讲.pdfVIP

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名词性从句精讲 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句, 包括作主语从句、 表语从句、 宾语从句和 同位语从句。 (1) 主语从句 就是在复合句中作主语的从句。主语从句常用 that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever 等引导。如: Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否来还是问题。 That China is a great socialist country is well known. 众所周知, 中国是一个伟大的社会主义国 家。 注: 为避免头重脚轻,使句子平衡,常用 it 作形式主语,而将主语从句后置。如上述第二 例常说成: It is well known that China is a great socialist country. 但是,由连接代词 what, whatever, whoever 等引导的主语从句一般不能用形式主语。如: What he found surprised me greatly. 他的发现使我非常吃惊。 Whoever is finished may rest. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。 (2) 表语从句 就是在连系动词之后作表语的从句。引导表语从句的连接除与引导主语从句的连接词 外,还有 as if , as though。如: The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 问题是他能否单独做这件事。 It looks as if (though) it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。 注意: 要区分以下句式: 1. that’s why+ 结果; that ’s because+原因。 2. the reason why /for … is that… He is absent. That’s because he is ill. 他缺席,这是因为他生病了。 He is ill. That ’s why he is absent. 他病了,这就是他缺席的原因。 The reason why he is absent is that he is ill. 他缺席的原因是他生病了。 (3) 宾语从句 就是在复合句中作宾语的从句。引导这宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词基本相 同。如: They didn ’t say which they wanted. 他们没有说他们想要哪一个。 I am sure (that) no harm will ever come to you. 我肯定你永远不会受伤害。 I was surprised at what has happened.我对发生的事感到惊讶。 注意: 当 think, believe, suppose 等的疑问式后面跟连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句时, 习惯上将这些连接词置于句首, 即 “连接代/副词+ do you think /believe /expect +宾语从句的 其余部分?”如: 1 Who do you think is the best player this year? 你认为今年谁是最佳运动员 ? What do you suppose you will do after school? 你想放学后干什么? (4) 同位语从句 就是在句中作同位语的从句。 它通常有放在 thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, doubt, question, fact, suggestion, belief 等抽象名词的后面,说明这些词的具体内容或含义。同位语 从句大多由 that 引导,也可由 whether, how, when, where, why 等引导, 但不能由 which 引导。 如: The idea that the earth is round is not a new one. “地

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