被动语态结构及转换.pdfVIP

被动语态 一、被动语态 被动语态的基本结构为： be+动词的过去分词 各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词 do 为例）： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done We clean the classroom. ． The classroom is cleaned by us ． 一般过去时 did was/were+done He madethe kite ． The kite was madeby him． 现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being done She is watering flowers ． Flower are being watered by her ． 现在完成时 have/has+done have/has+been done Jim has finished the work ． The work has been finished by Jim ． 一般将来时 will/shall/be going to+do will/shall/be going to+be done They will plant trees tomorrow ． Trees will be planted by them tomorrow ． 过去进行时 was/were+doing was/were+being done She was writing a letter this time yesterday ． A letter was being written by her this time yesterday ． 过去完成时 had+done had+beendone Jim had finished the work ． The work had been finished ． 过去将来时 would/should/be going to+do would/should/be going to+be done He said he would make a kite ． He said a kite would be made by him ． 含有情态动词 can/may/must+do can/may/must+be done I can find him． He can be found by me ． 一．被动语态的用法：在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列 几种情况： （1）不知道动作的执行者是谁。如： This watch is made in China ．更多 资料 QQ378459309制作： （2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 如：More trees must be planted every year ．。 （3 ）需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如： Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world ． （4 ）句子的主语是动作的承受者。如： Many houses were washed away by the food ． 二、主动语态和被动语态的转换 1．主动语态变为被动语态 （1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称 代词，要将宾语变成主格。 （2 ）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语， 主格变成宾格， 并用 by 引导。 （3 ）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 主动语态： 动作执行者 +谓语动词主动形式 +动作承受者 被动语态： 动作承受者 +谓语动词被动形式 +动作执行者 如：Weasked him to