2022年非谓语动词用法归纳.pdfVIP

非谓语动词用法归纳 非谓语动词用法归纳 高考对非谓语动词考查将重要集中在如下两方面:1、非谓语动词句法功能,即 在句中所充当成分;2、非谓语动词某些特殊用法。 动词不定式、动名词和分词(涉及当前分词和过去分词)可以出当前句子中除谓语 以外任何一种位置上,充当句子主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分,这些动词 形式称为非谓语动词。 基本用法 1)、不定式 时态\语态 积极 被动 普通式 to do to be done 完毕式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be dong 无 2) 、动名词 时态\语态 积极 被动 普通式 doing being done 完毕式 having done having been done 3)、分词 时态\语态 积极 被动 普通式 doing being done 完毕式 having done having been done 否定形式: not +不定式,　not + 动名词,　not + 当前分词 注:1.动词不定式普通式:所示动作常发生在谓语动词动作之后或与谓语动词所示 动作同步进行; 动词不定式进行式:所示动作正在进行; 动词不定式完毕式:所示动作则在谓语动词动作之前发生。 2.动词 ing 普通式:所示动作在谓语动词之前、后或同步进行要看语境; 动词 ing 完毕式:所示动作在谓语动词之前发生。 he came here to borrow a book. i pretended to be reading when mother came in. she is said to have been sent to europe on business being a student, he was interested in books. having done his homework, he went to bed. the question being discussed is important. 非谓语动词重要句法功能一览表: 功能 非谓语动词 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 　　不定式　　√ 　　√ 　　√ 　　√ 　　√ 　　√ 　　动名词　　√ 　　√ 　　√ 　　√ 　　 　　很少 　　分词 　　 　　 　　√ 　　√ 　　√ 　　√ 1．不定式和动名词作主语区别 (1)动名词作主语普通表达抽象动作;而不定式作主语表达详细动作。 smoking is prohibited(禁止)here ．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) it is not very good for you to smoke so much ．你抽这样多烟对你身体很不好。(详 细) (2)动名词作主语时,通惯用以表达一件已知事或经验。 不定式短语通惯用来表达一件未完毕事或目。 climbing mountains is interesting ．爬山很有趣。(经验) driving a car during the rush hour is tiring ．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3)不定式做主语,普通用 it 当形式主语,把作主语不定式短语后置。 it took me only five m